1 10 57 https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/9/584/CYDI-logo.jpg a808f6cc3737368e29b9df0556623ee1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It logo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Description An account of the resource The ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Programme was a four year Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership project, providing engaging and educational archaeology activities, which ranged from community digs and community driven research projects, to dual-language archaeology inspired poetry. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It logo Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_124 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/9/583/GGLP-CYDI-2021-prog-A4-hi-res.pdf 6237686df10d3e1e749a66600cb02aa3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – 2021 programme Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Description An account of the resource The ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Programme was a four year Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership project, providing engaging and educational archaeology activities, which ranged from community digs and community driven research projects, to dual-language archaeology inspired poetry. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document DIG IT CAN YOU DIG IT Follow us on Facebook and Twitter @GGLPArchaeology or see the Events or Can You Dig It pages on www.gallowayglens.org for more details. All events are FREE, thanks to our HES and NHLF funding. All events must be booked in advance through the Galloway Glens events page or www.eventbrite.com. Group numbers will be limited to ensure compliance with current COVID guidelines. Walking tour of the Woodhead Lead Mines Test Pitting event at Threave: The Return Walking Tour of Castle Douglas Guided tour and fieldwalking taster at Clatteringshaws 22nd July, 2pm Anna Campbell will be joining us for a reasonably strenuous walk out to this deserted mining settlement. It will be fascinating! Where: Meet near Carsphairn 28th July, 10am Join Claire and Louise as they take you back in time through the varied urban history of Castle Douglas. Where: Meet in Castle Douglas Bus Tour of the Lost Wells of Galloway 3rd August, 10am This will be a whistle-stop tour of some of the amazing wells uncovered by our volunteer researchers. Some off-road walking involved. Where: Meet in New Galloway 3rd and 4th September, 10am – 3pm Back to Threave for more test pitting for lithics to find out about the pre-history of the estate. Where: NTS Threave Estate 29th September, 10am Join Tom and the Rathmell team to find out more about the varied history of the area and to learn the skills of fieldwalking on the foreshore. Where: Clatteringshaws Galloway Hoard exhibition opens in Kirkcudbright Galleries 10th October It’s here for 6 months, so don’t panic, but don’t miss your chance to see this amazing Hoard for yourself - found right here in the Galloway Glens! Test Pitting event at Threave 6th and 7th August, 10am – 3pm We’re working with the NTS Archaeologists to see what we can find on Meikle Wood Hill on the ancient Threave Estate. Come and learn new skills! Where: NTS Threave Estate All bookings through www.gallowayglens.org/Events or Eventbrite - search for Galloway Glens. Spaces are limited so do book early. Full joining instructions will be issued after booking. All events are free to attend. Coming in SeptemberA real-life Viking Encampment! Watch this space for more details!  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – 2021 programme Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_123 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Description An account of the resource Can You Dig It review archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/9/582/GGLP-CYDI_JulAug20-Digital-Programme.pdf 6589206bc7d49eb63b4828c4c67cf115 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – 2020 Digital Programme Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Description An account of the resource The ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Programme was a four year Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership project, providing engaging and educational archaeology activities, which ranged from community digs and community driven research projects, to dual-language archaeology inspired poetry. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document July august 2020 july 1st 2pm galloway glens viking tales july 7th 7.30pm webinar - Fertilizer, Dung and Defecation! Join an actual Viking* for tales of how they used to live in the Galloway Glens area. Gather the family for this one! *Not an actual Viking. Join Archie McConnel from the Dumfries Archival Mapping Project and Professor Robert Marrs as they explore the relationship between land and fertilizers in days gone by. in conversation: july 15th 7.30pm David Devereux discusses his work on the extensive Tongland Abbey excavations and the history of this fascinating site. july 29th 2pm WEbinar - folklore of the galloway glens Aug 12th 7.30pm webinar - the wrecks of kirkcudbright bay Dr Peter Hewitt from Stewartry Museum discusses the intersection of material culture with our folklore tradition. Join our friends from the SCAPE Trust for a talk about the maritime history of Kirkcudbright Bay and the Fauna & Monreith wrecks. All online events are free, but require booking through Eventbrite. Go to www.eventbrite.co.uk and search for ‘Galloway Glens’. Or see the Can You Dig It section of our website, www.gallowayglens.org, or the Events page on our Facebook Page @GGLPArchaeology. All events are broadcast over Zoom - access this for free through www.zoom.us For more details about how to take part in individual projects, contact Helen on helen.keron@dumgal.gov.uk or 07827 306866 @GGLPArchaeology  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – 2020 Digital Programme Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_122 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Description An account of the resource Can You Dig It review archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/9/581/GGLP-CYDI-Year-1-Summary-Lecture.pdf bb6dcab250e7259f7138522806ac55f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Year 1 Summary Lecture Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Description An account of the resource The ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Programme was a four year Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership project, providing engaging and educational archaeology activities, which ranged from community digs and community driven research projects, to dual-language archaeology inspired poetry. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document [1] Welcome, my name is Thomas Rees and this evening I’m going, hopefully, to give you a summary of the first 12 months of the Can You Dig It project in the Galloway Glens. 1 [2] The discoveries and works I’m going to dash through this evening are all part of the Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership – Landscape Partnerships are a National Lottery Heritage Fund initiative, with the partnerships seeking to deliver public benefit focused on Access, Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage. 2 [3] Each partnership is defined as a geographic area – in our case the amazing Ken and Dee rivers from source to sea. Galloway Glens is supporting at least 35 projects over 4 years within this landscape covering a series of key themes. 3 [4] Can You Dig It is one of these 35 projects - our community archaeology project – and I’m going to discuss the work that has been undertake by local volunteers over the past year and the discoveries they have helped to make about our past. To deliver this programme Galloway Glens secured match funding from Historic Environment Scotland. We have also received great assistance from landowners like the Forestry & Land Scotland, National Trust for Scotland and the Forrest Estate. Dumfries and Galloway Council have also helped throughout. 4 [5] At the start of this 12 month dash we promoted the opportunities from Can You Dig It through a series of lectures – explaining that we structured activities around a series of sub projects that were seeking to investigate specific aspects of the historic occupation of our landscape. 5 [6] Each of these subprojects was underpinned by a Research Design developed from community consultation during the development phase of Galloway Glens. We do not just launch ourselves at sites, we approach them with a structured series of questions and undertake works that – we hope – will start to answer them. 6 [7] One of our earliest field projects was test pitting within the outer bailey of Castledykes in Kirkcudbright. The first documentary mention of the castle at Kirkcudbright was in 1288, when John Comyn, sheriff of Wigtown, was noted as being the guardian of ‘the castle and lands which belonged to the King’. The castle came to prominence during the first phase of the Wars of Independence, Edward I evidently intended Kirkcudbright as a supply port when his fleet lay off the Dee estuary in 1300 with the castle held by the English. 7 [8] From this aerial image you can see the core of the castle – this is a protected Scheduled Monument. The defences of the outer bailey had disappeared but previous investigators presumed they would have been built on a stockade principle and, if so, that no trace of them would remain. This is the area we sought to investigate over two days of test pitting. Previous work nearby had failed to find any significant material – so we were hoping to discover whether there was archaeological information surviving outwith the central earthworks. 8 [9] It is important to appreciate that these test pits are very limited in size – and hence so is the volume of sediment tested. They are very much a taster of what may be present in the Outer Bailey and there is the potential that very localised activities can be missed by such an array. Our volunteers excavated the test pits using hand tools and then sieved the contents to recover artefacts. 9 [10] The dominant material recovered were later 19th and early 20th century ceramics including brown-glazed red earthenwares, glazed white earthenwares (mostly plain, but with some blue-and-white transfer-printed sherds present), stonewares and slipwares. Some of these modern fabrics derived from wheel-thrown brown-glazed coarseware jars whose manufacture spans much of the 18th and early to mid-19th centuries – so we have clear evidence of the discard or dumping of relatively recent domestic material, which may reflect disposal of night soil from the burgh on neighbouring agricultural fields. 10 [11] From our ten small test pits we also recovered 20 sherds of medieval ceramic. All of the sherds were of small size and often heavily abraded, which meant that form and decoration were absent, making a comparison with other assemblages difficult. However, on the basis of fabric alone, it was clear that the material recovered was consistent with those from the earlier excavations within the main castle. Roughly half of the medieval assemblage comprised a soft, pinkish-red fabric, sandy in texture with quartz and mica inclusions. This pottery has been interpreted as a local ware. Pottery from this same ware has been recovered from other medieval sites in Dumfries and Galloway, including Caerlaverock Old Castle in the east and Whithorn in the west. Outwith Scotland, this same ‘local’ ware has been found in Carlisle. This local ware is thought to have first been used in the early to mid-13th century – finding this material in the Outer Bailey suggests that the use of the Castledykes site may stretch back towards the 1220s rather than the 1280s attested by documentary sources. We have also shown that there is medieval material surviving within the outer bailey that may be able to enrich our understanding of the use of this area. 11 [12] Kirkcudbright has more than one castle - tradition holds that Fergus, Lord of Galloway, had a timber castle on Moat Brae in the 12th century – before the use of the Castledykes site - certainly the Lords of Galloway sustained a powerful naval presence in the Irish Sea and the Dee offers the best natural harbor on the Solway coast, supporting this narrative for an early castle. The burgh itself is only first attested to in 1330 but there is a presumption that even if the burgh dated from around this time, there may well have been pre-burgh settlement. 12 [13] Over three days we sought to test the Moat Brae mound around Greyfriars to consider whether we could find any hint of 12th century activity that could be associated with the Lords of Galloway, or the growth of the burgh from the 14 th century onwards including the 15th century friary. The intensification of use of the surrounding area in the 18th and 19th centuries was also expected to be evident, especially the ship building yard that overlay the eastern half. So we set out two trenches, Trench 1 to test the ground that appears to lie open since the 16th century and Trench 2 to examine the area that became a ship building yard. 13 [14] While we didn’t identify any structures, we did recover nearly 400 sherds of modern pottery or ceramic from the trenches, many of the sherds were extremely small. More than half comprised sherds of plain, glazed white earthenware with no decoration evident. Occurring in much more modest quantities were sherds derived from transferprinted table wares and tin-glazed plain white earthenwares. Small quantities of sherds from brown-glazed white earthenware and brown-glazed red earthenware vessels (mostly teapots) were also present. The dominant wares and colourways present are typical of the period spanning c.1820 to 1860, and while this does not necessarily imply that they were deposited or even manufactured during this narrow time frame, it is interesting to note that pottery types typical of the first few decades and the last few decades of the 19th century were much more poorly represented. 14 [15] Within the assemblage were a 17 fragments from clay tobacco pipes, comprising ten stem fragments and seven bowl fragments. All appeared to derive from the shortstemmed ‘cutty’ types that were popular throughout much of the 19 th and early 20th centuries. One of the bowl fragments derived from a pipe with a decorative bowl which resembled a stave-built barrel, while six of the ten stem fragments retained evidence of stamps or maker’s marks. Two were adjoining: these comprised adjacent fragments of stem from trench 1, with the maker’s stamp ‘W White’ on one side, and the place of manufacture ‘Glasgow’ on the other. A further bowl fragment bears the fragmentary legend ‘BE(I)’ and ‘CUT’ stamped within an oval or circular cartouche featuring a central design of superimposed lozenges. It is not possible to establish the identity of this pipe with confidence, but it could possibly represent a ‘Belgium’ type cutty, a form which is named (but not illustrated) in a Christie’s catalogue dated to c. 1900s. 15 [16] Two buttons were recovered, one of which was a small circular button, stamped with the legend ‘R McConchie Kirkcudbright’ around its circumference. The centre was depressed, with four perforations for attachment to the host garment. The name, ‘R. McConchie,’ is cited in 1878 as one of the tailors gathered as part of the Incorporated Trades at the firing of the ‘Siller Gun,’ and it is possible that the button formed part of a garment manufactured by McConchie at around this time. 16 [17] By far the most intriguing part of the collection were nine slate pencils, recovered from both trenches and occurring mainly in topsoil and made ground. The pencils may well derive from the use of the former church as a school during the 18 th century. 17 [18] A small group of 11 medieval sherds and one sherd of post-medieval reduced ware present (originating in the period spanning the 15th-early 17th centuries). Of the medieval sherds, six were sherds of gritty wares, similar either to red or white gritty fabrics that spanned the mid- to late 12th to early 14th centuries. The balance of the medieval ceramics comprised sherds of‘ local green-glazed wares which span a date range from the mid-13th century to the late 14th century. The preponderance of unglazed sherds, probably derived from cooking pots, might suggest an origin earlier in the sequence, as cooking pots tend to fall out of use during the 14th century as metal vessels become more widely available. We have not found a castle – the Moat Brae is clearly now a more distinct landscape feature than it was in the past – but from within the lowest deposits in Trench 1 we have recovered pottery from the range of mid -12th to 13th century … suggesting activity at this location earlier than the documented 1330 presence of the burgh. 18 [19] Our largest excavation was on the Threave estate at Little Wood Hill where we stripped a portion of the summit of the hill to undertake an open area excavation with the help and assistance of the National Trust for Scotland. 19 [20] Little Wood Hill is the site of a most enigmatic feature, as sub-circular D shaped enclosure on the western half of the summit of the hill. This ditch is visible as a cropmark, a darker line formed by the differential ripening of the overlying crop. This site was tested by small trenches in 2014 by NTS when they identified the line of the ditch and, with a radiocarbon date from charcoal recovered from the ditch, dating its use to within the last century BC and the 1st century AD. 20 [21] The hilltop is an amazing location with views across the Dee, Threave Castle and up river towards Glenlochar. This is a very notable location that stands out in the landscape. 21 [22] To save the backs of our volunteer archaeologists, given that this has been an arable field, we machined off the ploughsoil to open up a large area covering roughly a quarter of the enclosure. 22 [23] Within this open area we identified the line of the ditch and started to excavate slots across the ditch to understand its form, and the terminals of the ditch at the entrance into the site. The terminals, being next to the access into the enclosure, are the most likely to contain artefacts discarded or lost during the use of the enclosure. 23 [24] And to maximize our chances of finding artefacts, we undertook a lot of sieving of the ditch fills – not always in the best weather! 24 [25] This low level aerial image may help you better recognise the entranceway and the run of the bounding ditches. Though we found a couple of small pits within the interior, we did not find evidence for clear structures. Indeed the pits lie tight to, or slightly under, where the upcast sediment from the ditch would have formed the interior banks. 25 [26] Given that we know the enclosure was active in the 1st century BC or AD from the work of the NTS, it was a surprise to us that nearly all the artefacts recovered were a modest assemblage of stuck flint. These small blades and flakes are more typical of the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age, thousands of years prior to the date we have for the enclosure. This suggests that Little Wood Hill had long been a desirable location next to the Dee - with this artefacts surviving in the topsoil as residual material. 26 [27] We also recovered evidence of later use, with metal detecting enabling us to safely recover an un-fired musketball from one of the ditch fills. Typically these are dated from the 16th to 18th century … which has not helped with understanding what the enclosure was created for, but does hint that the enclosure may have been a focus for later activity while their form could still have been found as earthworks on the hilltop – perhaps even during 1640 when the covenanters besieged the royalist garrison of Threave Castle who surrendered on the orders of Charles I. 27 [28] But for all this work showing much earlier and later use of the hill we have struggled to explain our Iron Age bank and ditch enclosure. We remain asking the question, why did the Iron Age communities form this defendable site on the summit of Little Wood Hill? 28 [29] Our activities over the year have not been limited to excavations, small or large. We have also been running a series of workshops to develop the archaeological skills of our volunteers – in this case we undertook practical surveying skills at Kelton Kirk in Mid Kelton. 29 [30] Workshops have also been run on finds recognition and interpretation. 30 [31] As all the fieldwork is undertaken by volunteers of all ages and abilities supported by professional archaeologists - our workshops provide skills so participants generate more of the information gathered by the project 31 [32] Workshops have also covered web-based archive research to discover more about our historic landscapes 32 [33] There are amazing resources readily available online such as this town plan of Kirkcudbright from the 1840s showing Moat Brae – split in half between open ground behind Greyfriars and the ship building yard 33 [34] Or first edition Ordnance Survey mapping from the 1850s … in this case giving us the layout of the farmstead at Upper Gairloch, a farming settlement on the Raiders Road. You can see the still active farm from the mid 19th century as well as many ruins and abandoned field systems surrounding it. 34 [35] Upper Gairloch was another one of our survey and excavation targets, looking at the later rural settlement of the Galloway Glens. The farmstead shown as in use in the 1850s was found ruinous and overgrown. 35 [36] The volunteer archaeologists cleared many of the central areas revealing the fallen walls that formed the farmstead – often built incorporating the most massive stones within the fabric of the farm. 36 [37] Not only did the walls remain, but targeted excavation revealed a series of flagstone, rubble and cobble surfaces and floors survived across the farmstead. 37 [38] Overall a plan began to emerge that showed two distinct floored rectangular structures set within a walled rectangular courtyard that was also surfaced. A very appealing small improvement courtyard farm from the early to mid 19th century. 38 [39] A broad range of finds were recovered from the excavations, these included transfer-printed pottery in blue, black and purple colourways - these appear to be mostly wares produced from the 1840s to 1860s and represent domestic tableware. 39 [40] Another portion of the assemblage was a collection of sherds from 'slipware‘ vessels - these are more likely to come from kitchen items as opposed to those used at the table. The top left and bottom right sherds appear to be from dairy bowls, while the bottom left is from a jar, also known as a 'crock'. Crocks appear from the late 18th century, while dairy bowls appear from the 1820s; both continue in use until the early 20th century. 40 [41] As well as pottery we also recovered a range of metalwork – both structural and artefacts. Two quite distinctive pieces were this large iron rasp or file, and the socketed iron head of a fork. The size of the fork is quite small and flat so appears unlikely to have been used for any agricultural purpose. It is possible that it was for raking out a fire, or that these were the tools of a blacksmith or farrier? 41 [42] A range of glass fragments were also recovered from site. Most of these were 19th century in origin, like the fragment on the left which is from an aerated drinks bottle from later in the 19th century. In contrast, the fragment on the right is a large base fragment from an 'onion' type bottle, a squat form in use from the late 1600s until the early 1800s. These were eventually replaced by the cylindrical upright bottles which could be stacked in larger numbers for transport and storage. This is one of our few earlier finds, joining two sherds from a pearlware teacup that date from the late 18th. As finds that are reasonably earlier than the farm buildings at Upper Gairloch they may be treasured family items brought here by the tenants – or are they the hints of an earlier iteration of this farm? 42 [43] We know that many of the settlements on Raiders Road have origins from well before the 19th century, this is Bleau’s map of the area from 1654 which shows O. (over) Gairlarr – our Upper Gairloch. So we do have an earlier farm somewhere nearby. 43 [44] One of the structures shown as a ruin on the 1850s Ordnance Survey was also investigated – this proved to be a kiln barn. A single structure that combined a kiln for drying cereal grain – the circular structure in the foreground of this image – and a rectangular barn. 44 [45] One of the ways we have helped volunteers understand the structures they are working on is by producing 3D models from conventional site photographs. Here is the same kiln barn where you can more readily see the two core elements of the site. We also ran workshops on 3D Modelling to help develop these recording and communication tools 45 [46] These workshops included a session recording by 3D model the Kirkyard gateway at St Cuthberts in Kirkcudbright, purportedly built from the stones taken from the dismantled town gate – the Meikle Yett – combined with the 1644 Ewart wall monument. 46 [47] This workshop also looked at using a 3D model to create true vertical images of table graves without the need to physically get above the grave – such as this slab for William Hunter and Robert Smith. These covenanters were captured by John Graham of Claverhouse at Auchencloy in 1684 and were taken to Kirkcudbright Tolbooth, where they were held prior to their trial and execution. 47 [48] In combination fieldwork and workshops develop archaeological skills while engaging participants with the heritage of their landscape – which raises the issue of accessibility, how do we enable people to volunteer 48 [49] There are some easy steps we have followed, choosing locations that are readily accessible with every possible activity, even one day surveys, having toilet access 49 [50] Providing shelter, seating, tea, coffee & biscuits 50 [51] Making practical adaptations on site so that volunteers are able to focus on the archaeology 51 [52] And that extends to working patterns that promote access not conformity with an arbitrary schedule 52 [53] With the assistance of the Galloway Glens team, postcards are printed and circulated locally to promote opportunities 53 [54] These communicate procedural and practical issues through Accessibility information and promote a stable contact into the Galloway Glens team 54 [55] The reality is that much of the practical aspects of archaeology are outdoors and suffer from the vagaries of the weather – we cannot control this! 55 [56] And however hard we try, we are shown the fragility of the structures we are using to cope with the great outdoors. 56 [57] Even with this positive approach to accessibility we need to reach those who cannot physically be involved through online information and video packages. 57 [58] We’ve also looked at promoting Can You Dig It through tie-ins with Scottish Archaeology Month and the Dig It project. 58 [59] We’ve trialed a vlog tour on Facebook, in this first attempt we traveled through the Galloway Glens looking at multiple Royal Observer Corps posts to look at the role of this important service in tracking and monitoring military aircraft and then, as the Cold War changed, nuclear blasts. This is one of the nuclear monitoring bunkers from the 1960s, set just behind Dalry. 59 [60] The locations of the bunkers are known – you can see the string running from Carsphairn down to Kirkcudbright on this military plan – but their current condition is very varied. 60 [61] For instance the Castle Douglas bunker has been grubbed out, though a visible earthwork remains in the field where this once lay. 61 [62] We also have some survival for the post-war 1950s orlit posts in Galloway Glens – these prefabricated structures were installed when the role of the ROC was still that of aircraft monitoring, before their descent into the bunkers. The promotion of these intriguing sites was well received and we were delighted that it prompted Border Life to film a similar package for broadcast in the near future. 62 [63] All the work of Can You Dig It is supported by a branded Facebook site and Twitter feed – this is a locally controlled asset where you can find out what we are doing, what we’ve found and how you can get involved. 63 [64] we also use these sites to promote historic excavations in the area through Facebook Notes, in the case of these images they came from the 1911-13 excavations at Castledykes. 64 [65] As a part of the larger Galloway Glens landscape project we have also flexed our activity to connect and support with other projects – for instance we undertook an extended survey workshop at Polmaddy to link in with a walking tour on the new Glenkens path and a poetry project. 65 [66] This enabled us to look at deserted settlement at Polmaddy which was first recorded in 1505, surviving through to the early 19th century. Our particular focus was the Inn which lay beside the pack road passing through Polmaddy. 66 [67] And from the survey work we generated the first plan of the Inn, believed to have been the last inhabited structure in the village, since it was originally surveyed in 1971. 67 [68] We also made use of the paths created by access improvements to hike up the Corserine. 68 [69] In this case to survey a series of high ground wrecks – aircraft crash sites from WWII. This is the site where a Mosquito crashed in 1944 to the east of the summit at the Scar of the Folk 69 [70] Another one of the sites we recorded was the crash site of the Avro Anson from 1942 to the north of the summit. All these crashes involved the loss of lives by the aircrew involved, often during night time navigational training. 70 [71] These surveys were in part about communicating the idea that the whole landscape has been occupied and used by human communities and that the traces of our shared heritage can readily be found even on the summit of our highest hills. 71 [72] We have also supported the delivery of a Historic Woodland Assessment as a subproject at Barhill Wood by Kirkcudbright. Here surveyors looked at how a historic woodland is created, shaped and used. 72 [73] Identifying some of the structures from the original late 18 th century planting of poorer ground by the Earls of Selkirk including an array of early stone dykes, quarries and roadways. 73 [74] And identifying elements of the original 1780-s planting such as this sweet chesnut stool in Janet’s plantation – with the report and tours provided by the specialist surveyors from Dendrochronicle enabling the community to better understand the resource they were gaining control of. 74 [75] In many ways Can You Dig It is also about linking people with assets already there – like HES providing tours of Threave while we dug on the NTS estate 75 [76] Visiting the Stewartry Museum during our fieldwork at Castledykes to see a display of historic finds from our site that are being curated by the museum. 76 [77] And becoming an asset for other community initiatives like running a subproject as a station on the Kirkcudbright Arts & Crafts Trail 77 [78] Or providing staff so the local Scotlands Rock Art Project team had the first aid cover needed to lead a public tour 78 [79] As you can see from this summary we have been very active over the past 12 months and have made a series of discoveries that enrich tour understanding of the historic Galloway Glens – I hope you will agree that we are acting as a positive force enabling the community to explore their archaeological heritage both through discovering new information and from rediscovering what we already have. 79 [80] Can You Dig It will not stop here – our hope and intent over the coming years of the Galloway Glens landscape partnership is to push further to build skills in our communities, supporting more targeted project work on archaeological sites and seeking to promote our archaeological heritage. 80 [81] If you are interested in continuing or becoming involved this year – please get in touch. Take this opportunity – give us feedback on sites or issues you want to see addressed, email us to hear about volunteering opportunities and stay in touch! 81  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Year 1 Summary Lecture Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_121 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource Can You Dig It review archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/9/580/GGLP-CYDI-EoY-Report-2019.pdf 7525a3c7a743852a1b3c9b499cdb75cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – End Of Year Report 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Description An account of the resource The ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Programme was a four year Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership project, providing engaging and educational archaeology activities, which ranged from community digs and community driven research projects, to dual-language archaeology inspired poetry. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document OFFICIAL Galloway Glens ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Project 2019 End of Year Report. 1. Background The Can You Dig It community archaeology project started in earnest on the 4 th February 2019, when the contract for delivery was let to Rathmell Archaeology Ltd by the Galloway Glens scheme. Our previous End of Year Report, dated the 26th March 2019, details the work that was carried out in February and March 2019, and this report completes the reporting, covering the period from April 2019 to March 2020. 2. Executive Summary Can You Dig it is a 2-year Historic Environment Scotland and National Lottery Heritage Funded Community Archaeology project managed by the ‘Galloway Glens’ Landscape Partnership Scheme and delivered by Rathmell Archaeology Ltd. This funding period ended in March 2020. The archaeology of the Galloway Glens area in rural SW Scotland is varied and fascinating, ranging from the Neolithic to settlements deserted in the 19th Century, and the project aimed to introduce as much of the resident community to their local built heritage as possible. The project had a twin focus on community engagement and communication, and inclusion and accessibility. It pioneered a new inclusion technique in the form of ‘Accessibility Postcards’ for events. This technique, coupled with a consistently welcoming and engaging presence through email, social media and fieldwork, has resulted in the introduction of many new people to their local heritage. It has also resulted in an engaged and interested ‘community of interest’, which will be taken to the next level of technical expertise in the coming years of Can You Dig It 2 delivery. A Partnership approach was key to the success of this project, with the Galloway Glens bringing its detailed knowledge of local networks and context and Rathmell bringing technical expertise. In addition, the recruitment of a small but technically-skilled Steering Group from the local community kept the strategic delivery of the project on track. Siting a Community Archaeology project within a Landscape Partnership Scheme undoubtedly brings benefits to both that are more than the sum of their parts. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 1 OFFICIAL 3. Introduction to Galloway Glens and Can You Dig It The Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership Scheme is a 5-year National Lottery Heritage Fund (NHLF) scheme with the primary aim of connecting local people with their natural, cultural and built heritage. It covers an area in SW Scotland that follows the course of the Rivers Dee and Ken from their source in the uplands above the Glenkens, down past Castle Douglas and out to the sea at Kirkcudbright. Both Castle Douglas and Kirkcudbright are rural towns of about 3,000 population. The Glenkens contains 4 small remote-rural villages, including Carsphairn and St John’s Town of Dalry. The Galloway Glens scheme began in April 2018 after a 2-year Development phase and will run until April 2023. The NLHF funding is given as matched funding to 35 headline projects that together make up the overall scheme. Each project has a different partner, ranging from national stakeholders such as RSPB or NTS to mid-sized local charities to small grass-roots voluntary organisations. In most cases, our partners are delivering the projects, but some projects, such as this one, are managed in-house by the Galloway Glens staff. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 2 OFFICIAL A Community Archaeology project was one of the flagship projects identified in the Development stage, and we were delighted to be offered £50,000 of funding by HES in 2018 towards the first stages of the project. Named ‘Can You Dig It’, the project’s core aims were to: • • • • Increase enthusiasm and general knowledge amongst local residents for their built heritage Upskill enthusiasts further with a wide range of modern archaeological techniques Offer work experience / Skills passport opportunities to people looking to enter the field. Engage with a wide range of people and minimise barriers to participation. In addition, it was identified that the project should • • • Cover as wide a range of eras as practical Cover the Galloway Glens geographic area in an equitable manner. Build on previous community engagement with more work to ensure that the project meets the needs and expectations of the local community. 4. Governance To ensure that these aims were met, a Steering Group for the project was created. The members of this group are currently: • • • • • Andrew Nicholson, Dumfries and Galloway Council (DGC) Archaeologist David Devereux, local historian and archaeologist Dr Kevin Grant, HES Dr Deirdre Cameron, HES Helen Keron, Galloway Glens Education and Community Engagement Officer With thanks as well to Dr Lisa Brown, Kevin’s predecessor on the Steering Group. The Steering Group meets, together with representatives from Rathmell Archaeology, every 2 months, with interim updates and advice being discussed via email. In addition, the Galloway Glens has its own Board structure for governance. Board members are mostly representatives from national or regional stakeholders. HES is represented by Dr John Raven. The Galloway Glens Board meets quarterly and provides strategic direction and assurance for all Galloway Glens projects. The Galloway Glens scheme also sits within the formal structure of Dumfries and Galloway Council. Although externally funded and governed as above, DGC is our legally accountable body and we use their insurance, financial management and procurement systems as required for project delivery. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 3 OFFICIAL 5. Timeline Dates Activity Notes 2015-2017 Galloway Glens 2-year Development phase. April 2018 Galloway Glens Delivery phase begins. Some staff in place. Resulting in a detailed bid to Heritage Lottery for £2.7M of matched funding. HES confirms offer of £50,000 funding for Can You Dig It over 2018/19 and 2019/20. November 2018 Galloway Glens Education and Community Engagement Officer in post. Steering Group for Can You Dig It appointed. Terms of reference for the project created. DGC Procurement system used to put £100,000 Community Archaeology contract out to tender. December 2018 4th Feb 2019 Feb-Mar 2019 April-June 2019 July-Sept 19 Oct-Dec 2019 Jan-Mar 2020 26/03/2020 Rathmell Archaeology confirmed as successful bidder for the contract. Rathmell Archaeology immediately begins on delivering the 2018/19 outcomes. 2019/20 outcome delivery commenced: Research Designs completed; 1 x Exploration held; 2 x surveys carried out, 2 workshops held. 4 x Excavations / Explorations completed, 1 x survey completed; 3 x workshops held 3 x workshops held; 2 partner events supported, 5 Community Engagement events held including a VLOG, lectures and schools work. Technical reporting and Planning for CYDI 2 (2020 – 2022). 5 Community Engagement events held including a VLOG, and lectures. Community consultation on CYDI 2 targets. CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL Contract published on PCS. 9 parties registered an interest, 2 submissions received. More details below (Section 6). More details below. More details below. More details below. 4 OFFICIAL 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 5 OFFICIAL 6. 2019/20 Delivery 6.1. Complete 2 Excavations and post-excavation analysis to agreed standards. Date Event Attendance Post-Ex (personanalysis status days) 28-30 Upper Gairloch (Raiders 21 March 2019 Road) deserted settlement exploration 19-20 July Castledykes test18 2019 pitting, Kirkcudbright 1-3 August Moat Brae trenches, 28 2019 Kirkcudbright 14-17 & 2124 Aug 2019 10-14 & 1721 Sept 2019 Upper Gairloch deserted settlement exploration Little Wood Hill enclosure large exposure, Threave Estate Notes 3-D model created of exposed kiln barn. Area around the scheduled monument. Being part of the Kirkcudbright Arts and Crafts Trail led to additional public interest. Repeat visit to uncover the farmstead associated with the kiln barn. Building on previous work by NTS archaeology. 29 66 These activities have been delivered with the help, support and resources of Forestry & Land Scotland, Dumfries & Galloway Council and the National Trust for Scotland, with the corporate archaeologists from all these organisations assisting in design and delivery – our thanks to them. March 2019: Upper Gairloch Kiln Barn – Day 1 26/03/2020 Beginning to take shape CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 6 OFFICIAL August 2019: Families at Moat Brae, Kirkcudbright August 2019: Intergenerational working at Upper Gairloch. 26/03/2020 It does rain occasionally in Galloway. CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 7 OFFICIAL Sept 2019: Little Wood hill, Threave Estate Welfare facilities were important. DSRs have been produced for all of the fieldwork above, and are published on social media and www.gallowayglens.org/resources, and are added to the HER through the Regional Archaeologist. The main focus of Can You Dig It was always community engagement and involvement, but some interesting finds have been made during the 2019 fieldwork programme: • • The work on the deserted settlement of Upper Gairloch on the Raiders Road uncovered a kiln barn, and then the associated farmhouse was shown to have an unusually well-finished courtyard and yard surfaces of local granite, and the intriguing incorporation of large granite glacial erratics into key wall junctions. The Castledykes trial-pit excavations showed a range of medieval and post-medieval finds, indicating activity beyond the core scheduled area of the castle. A piece of Northern French white ware, similar to Saintonge Ware, suggests the sort of trade links we should expect from a port town. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 8 OFFICIAL • • Excavations at Moat Brae in the middle of Kirkcudbright confirmed that elements of the mound were man-made, with a basal layer of clay-bonded river cobbles lying above the natural estuarine silty clay. Medieval pottery finds could date as early as the 12th century, which would place the motte and bailey construction into the timeframe for the early Lordship of Galloway under the House of Fergus. The work on Little Wood Hill on the Threave Estate uncovered some flints and a musket ball, showing continuity of settlement from the Neolithic to the late 18th century and extending the work undertaken by the NTS in 2014. Upper Gairloch 2-level cobbled floor (lower level only just seen) Sherds of medieval pottery from the 12th-15th centuries AD, Castledykes Neolithic flint found at Little Wood Hill, Threave Estate 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 9 OFFICIAL 6.2. Complete the planned programme of non-invasive surveys. This work was extended to include Technical Workshops (Outdoor surveying, 3-D modelling and Web-based research) and some organically evolved Partnership Working as well as Non-invasive surveys. i. Non-invasive surveys Date Event Attendance Reporting (personstatus days) Notes 14-15 June 2019 Historic Woodland Assessment, Barhill Woods, Kirkcudbright Guided visual survey of the high ground wrecks on Corserine, above Dalry Guided visual survey of the high ground wrecks on Corserine, above Dalry 25 First day technical survey; second day public event 20 June 2019 25 July 2019 8 7 Repeat of first walk June 2019: Historic Woodland Assessment, Barhill Woods • • Sam Kelly’s video of the public event: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QEfcEQ4V3Y&feature=youtu.be https://dendrochronicle.co.uk/blog/ for other details. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 10 OFFICIAL June and July 2019: Corserine High-ground wrecks survey These activities have been supported by Rob Asbridge, a volunteer for the Kirkcudbright Development Forum and principal actor behind the Barhill Woods community development, and the Forrest Estate Manager – our thanks to them, as well as to Dr Coralie Mills of Dendrochronicle, who carried out the Historic Woodland Assessment with support from Peter Quelch. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 11 OFFICIAL ii. Technical workshops – outdoor surveying skills. Date 18 June 2019 17-18 July 2019 31 July 2019 Location Mid-Kelton Churchyard, near Castle Douglas Polmaddy deserted settlement, near Carsphairn Skills Focus Plane table and tape offset survey skills. Plane table and tape offset survey skills. Attendance Notes 8 St Cuthbert’s Kirkyard, Kirkcudbright Plane table and tape offset survey skills. 2 June 2019: Mid-Kelton Survey workshop • 7 The Project Officer of another Galloway Glens project, the Ken Words writing project, attended in order to extend her knowledge of and hence creative response to the deserted settlement. Members of the Kirkcudbright History Society attended at the end to give participants a better insight into the Kirkyard’s history. July 2019: St Cuthbert’s Kirkyard, Kirkcudbright Sketchfab model of the John Ewart Monument above: https://sketchfab.com/3dmodels/john-ewarts-1642-monument-e72a57a5042b4d70bfcd06ebb6866754 Our thanks to Jane McBeth, the Ken Words Project Officer, and the Kirkcudbright History Society, in particular Helen Bowick and David Devereux, for their interest in and support of these activities. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 12 OFFICIAL iii. Technical workshops – indoor skills Date 28 June 2019 26 July 2019 22 October 2019 21 November 2019 28 November 2019 Location Kirkcudbright Skills Focus Web-based Research 3-D modelling Glenkens Castle Douglas Attendance Notes 8 Canmore etc 2 Web-based research Kirkcudbright Galleries Finds Handling workshop 4 Kirkcudbright Galleries Finds Handling workshop 5 6 The National Museums of Scotland have supported these activities with guidance, while the Dumfries & Galloway Council Museums Service has made their collections available, in particular delivering displays linking to the activities in Kirkcudbright. Our thanks to them. Finds handling workshop, Kirkcudbright 26/03/2020 Visiting the Stewartry Museum displays, Kirkcudbright CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 13 OFFICIAL iv. Partnership working Date 4-7 Oct 2019 Location Kirkcudbright Bay Skills Focus Marine Archaeology 17 Nov 2019 Kirkcudbright Pre-historic Rock Art Partner Solway Firth Partnership and SCAPE Notes We promoted SFP / SCAPE’s coastal archaeology project focussed on the wreck of the Fauna, and some of our CYDI community attended. Kirkcudbright We partnered with the branch of local ScRAP volunteers to Scotland’s put on a tour of some of Rock Art their findings and project promote their work. 13 attendees. Our thanks to Nic Coombey of the Solway Firth Partnership and Lisa Allen, volunteer coordinator of the Kirkcudbright branch of Scotland’s Rock Art Project, for inviting the Can You Dig It community to see their fascinating projects. November 2019 – ScRAP Rock Art day, Kirkcudbright 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 14 OFFICIAL 6.3. Complete the programme of community engagement events. Date April 2019 Event Publications 10-10-19 VLOG tour of ROC posts 21-10-19 ‘Border Life’ ITV interview about the ROC posts Lecture on CYDI programme Case Study submitted to ‘Re-imagining Scottish Archaeology’ Schools event 13-11-19 07-12-19 11-12-19 5&6-02-20 26-02-20 28-02-20 03-03-20 Summary Presentations of CYDI, introduction of consultation on possible future targets. Drop-In exhibition of the work done to date and consultation on possible future targets. VLOG tour of Covenantor history Attendance at the Galloway Glens ‘Jamboree’ with all other GGLP projects. Ongoing Facebook feed Ongoing Twitter feed Ongoing SketchFab page Ongoing Galloway Glens webpage – CYDI section 26/03/2020 Notes Balmaclellan Community Council, History Now and Galloway News all requested articles re the Upper Gairloch / CYDI plans. Published live on Facebook and Twitter, supported by live posting of research and photos. Broadcast 02-03-20 Requested by Kirkcudbright History Society. 41 attendees. Information about CYDI as a Community Archaeology project was presented at the Scottish Archaeology Strategy ‘Aim 1’ Workshop (Glasgow). An afternoon session in Kells School, New Galloway, teaching P1-P7 about ‘Changing Technologies’ and ‘Changing Settlements’. Held in the Glenkens and Kirkcudbright. 16 and 48 attendees respectively, good interactions. Useful feedback solicited. Published live on Facebook and Twitter, supported by live posting of research and photos. Useful to make / re-affirm links between other Galloway Glens projects, such as the Place Names project, Ken Words writing project (Polmaddy focus), the improvement of the Pilgrims Way to Polmaddy and the 4 new Heritage Hubs. @GGLPArchaeology. See Section 8.1.2 for more details. @GGLPArchaeology. See Section 8.1.2 for more details. sketchfab.com/GGLPArchaeology See Section 8.1.2 for more details. www.gallowayglens.org/Resources has all the DSRs published on it, plus Technical Notes, Lecture slides, Workshop notes and the Historic Woodland Assessment of Barhill Woods. CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 15 OFFICIAL Ongoing Technical Notes Ongoing Training Workshop and Lecture Notes Ongoing Emails Ongoing Galloway Glens webpage – CYDI section 7 Technical Notes have been published on the Galloway Glens website and social media in order to promote previous archaeological endeavour in the Galloway Glens area. Topics are: Polmaddy, Threave Castle, Glenlochar, Carminnow, Castledykes, Moss Raploch and Park of Tongland. 3 Training Workshop Notes have been published on social media covering Web-based Heritage Research, 3D Models from Photographs and Survey Skills. These complement the respective workshops. The slide presentation given in February 2020 as a summary of CYDI has also been amplified and published. We have 146 people on our mailing list, all gained organically through positive sign-ups. We have emailed them 10 times through 2019, all with quality updates of the work achieved to date, plus advertising of upcoming events. Feedback to the emails has been good, with people enjoying reading them. www.gallowayglens.org/Resources has all the DSRs published on it, plus Technical Notes, Lecture slides, Workshop notes and the Historic Woodland Assessment of Barhill Woods. Supporting evidence: October 2019: VLOG Tour of the ROC posts - video supported by real-time research posts. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 16 OFFICIAL • Link to the ‘Border Life’ interview on the ROC posts: https://www.itv.com/news/border/2020-03-02/catch-up-with-border-life-02-03-2020/ December 2019 – Afternoon session with Kells School, New Galloway February 2019 – Summary presentation, Dalry Town Hall, Glenkens. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 17 OFFICIAL February 2020: VLOG Tour of Covenantor Sites. March 2020 – Screenshots of Galloway Glens website with published DSRs and Technical Notes. See also Section 6.8. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 18 OFFICIAL 6.4. Complete improvements to excavation sites as appropriate. The Upper Gairloch deserted settlement (kiln barn and farmhouse) were completely covered in undergrowth and almost unrecognisable. The work done by our volunteers through Can You Dig It has left both structures clear and clean. See Section 6.1 above for before and after photos of the kiln barn. With some interpretation, they would form an engaging addition to the heritage tourism offering of the area. 3-D Model of the exposed kiln barn, created by Liam McKinstry of Rathmell Archaeology. • SketchFab link to 3-D model: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/kiln-barn-raiders-roadbdb1d9077a16457eb6775192c88d8e21 September 2019: Upper Gairloch Farmhouse almost fully covered. Walls and a cobbled floor revealed The other excavations (Castledykes, Moat Brae, Threave Estate) were reinstated to their previous state post-excavation. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 19 OFFICIAL 6.5. Create a temporary exhibition of all findings and display at a local venue. Our drop-in exhibition on the 26th February 2020 featured all of our finds, plus display boards summarising all of the work done to date. This is an excellent resource of local history / archaeology, and we are considering how to use it in the future more widely. We also used this event as a chance to consult with our community about the plans for CYDI 2. February 2020: Full display and example board. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 20 OFFICIAL 6.6. Deliver a phased training programme for volunteers. • • We supported a student in gaining archaeological experience to support her studies in History and Archaeology at Edinburgh University We have issued Skills Passport for 2 attendees and signed off skills in them. Throughout the course of Can You Dig It, we identified that our primary demographic was older people in term-time and families in holidays / weekends. Neither of these demographics are typically interested in formal certification. However, we have supported those people that are interested, and have formulated Can You Dig It 2 (2020 – 2022) such that a more structured training programme (if not certified) will form the core of the programme. See Section 7: Assessment and Section 8: CYDI 2 for more details. 6.7. Create school resources compatible with Curriculum for Excellence. Access to schools has proved somewhat difficult, due to congested timetables. However, a vbisit to Kells School, New Galloway proved very rewarding, both for the pupils and the Can You Dig It team. See Section 6.3 for photos of our visit to the school. We have remodelled our approach to delivery of teaching resources and have built into our planned booklet ranges (see Section 6.10) a section on archaeological learning approaches to the sites linked to Curriculum for Excellence. These have been developed to produce a robust and enduring resource for schools, families and lifelong learning. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 21 OFFICIAL 6.8. Reporting: DSRs, Survey reports, Documentary research Data Structure Reports (DSRs) for all of our explorations (sub-projects) are now complete and are in the process of submission through OASIS to both the local HER and the NRHE. They are also published on the Galloway Glens website, www.gallowayglens.org/resuorces - scroll down to Can You Dig It. The full list of these reports is: • • • • • • • Upper Gairloch, Raiders Road – clearance and investigation of the Kiln Barn Castledykes, Kirkcudbright – excavation of test pits Moat Brae, Kirkcudbright – evaluation trenching Upper Gairloch, Raiders Road – clearance and investigation of the Farmhouse Little Wood Hill, Threave – excavation of the Iron Age enclosure The Corserine, Glenkens – survey of high ground wrecks Barhill Woods, Kirkcudbright - Historic Woodland Assessment These reports were prepared in keeping with the relevant Chartered Institute for Archaeologists Standards & Guidance. Where the site involved the recovery of artefacts, the report was extended to include specialist assessment of this report. In a similar manner, where the sites encompassed social history resources, we have undertaken provisional reviews of these resources to deepen and broaden the information within the report compared to the conventional product. All of the sub-projects were also informed and shaped by Research Designs (RDs) which have also been made available by common means with the DSRs. 6.9. Assessment/ lessons learned report See Section 7 for a full report. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 22 OFFICIAL 6.10. Progress report on life-long learning activities Three strands were developed for lifelong learning through the Can You Dig It project: • • • Informal promotion and engagement through social media and lectures Formal training workshops On-the-job training during sub-projects. The informal social media strand (see 7.1.2 below) has been more successful than anticipated. This has led to additional resources being deployed into promoting recurring initiatives that collaborate with others (like #FolkloreThursday #FindsFriday #LoveDandG). Formal training workshops have developed core archaeology skills (see Section 6.2 ii & iii above) which has reinforced on-the-job training on-site. A good crossover has been noted with multiple individuals using both the workshops and attending sub-projects. Only two individuals chose to commence skills passports (which were supplied to them at no cost) though all volunteers were briefed on them and shown examples. A recent addition to the life-long learning activities has been the incorporation of some of the CYDI findings into a planned series of Galloway Glens booklets. The final range of booklets will cover many of the technical findings of the Galloway Glens projects, but CYDI will feature heavily. First plans are to cover the Barhill Woods Historic Woodland Assessment, and then an edition based on the Corserine High-Ground Wrecks. 6.11. Proof of archiving OASIS forms have been completed for all sub-projects, with the completed DSRs uploaded as grey literature reports. These grey literature reports have been pre-circulated to the receiving Historic Environment Record (HER). Structured archives have been prepared for each sub-project as have notifications for the Treasure Trove Unit (TTU) of artefacts recovered. The former will be submitted to the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) once the TTU decision is known. At the same time, the artefacts will be supplied to the receiving institution. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 23 OFFICIAL 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 24 OFFICIAL 7. Assessment of Can You Dig It Can You Dig It is primarily a Community Engagement project, and as such, our twin focus has been on building a community of interest through communication and engagement, and on accessibility and inclusivity. 7.1. Communication and Engagement 7.1.1. Branding We created our own brand for Can You Dig It, related to but distinct from the Galloway Glens, in pursuit of creating a new community of interest with a clear identity. This has been very well received and the branding is now well recognised across our community of interest. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 25 OFFICIAL 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 26 OFFICIAL 7.1.2. Social Media results We created a Facebook page, Twitter feed and SketchFab page with the Can You Dig It brand, and have had increasingly good interaction there, as the volunteers have got to know each other and the team. We have used Facebook Live and videos as very effective ways of engaging with people and increasing our reach. • Twitter @GGLPArchaeology. In the 13 months to late March 2020, we have tweeted 425 times, generating 2579 profile visits, 344 followers, 311,300 tweet impressions and 167 mentions. • Facebook @GGLPArchaeology. Our Facebook page has 390 followers, which includes a smaller core of enthusiasts who Comment and Like regularly. The page has reached 18,000 people and 3,500 engagements / month when popular posts are shared, and individual popular posts typically reach 10,000 people, generating 1,200 engagements. In the 13 months to late March 2020 we have posted 590 photos, as well as 7 Technical Notes, 2 VLOGS, lecture notes, the DSRs and the Historic Woodland Assessment, in order to provide quality content. • Sketchfab (GGLPArchaeology) The twelve models uploaded by late March 2020 have generated 628 views, the most popular one being the aerial model of the deserted settlement at Polmaddy. https://sketchfab.com/3dmodels/deserted-settlement-at-polmaddy-36aa9a5ecebf498c96ae44d559c49481 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 27 OFFICIAL Some recent Twitter chat: 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 28 OFFICIAL Some Facebook engagements: 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 29 OFFICIAL 7.2. Accessibility and Inclusivity 7.2.1. Planning for inclusion We knew we didn’t want just ‘the usual suspects’ for Can You Dig It, but instead consciously set out to identify and then remove barriers that other people might feel about getting involved. With this in mind, the roles and responsibilities of Can You Dig It were clearly outlined from the start: • • • Rathmell Archaeology provided technical design and delivery of the programme. Galloway Glens used their deep and broad community knowledge to: o Help inform target identification such that they would be likely to be of wide interest o Market the events in a way likely to appeal to local communities o Identify and remove likely barriers to attendance. o Identify individual and communities of interest that would benefit or could support the programme. A Steering Group consisting of HES representatives, the Regional Archaeologist (Andrew Nicholson) and a local historian /archaeologist (David Devereux) was formed and met 2monthly in order to support programme design and provide assurance that it was meeting technical and community requirements. 7.2.2. Accessibility postcards In order to remove barriers to attendance, we created printed Accessibility Postcards for each event in order to give as much information as possible about expectations of outdoor work, toilet location, nature of the group and so on. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 30 OFFICIAL 7.2.3. Inclusivity Outcomes We have also been consistently inclusive and welcoming in the tone of our social media feeds and emails, plus of course the friendly welcome and excellent camaraderie at events. This has paid dividends in a number of specific cases. Attendance at all our events has been very varied, and we have been delighted to welcome a wider audience than the ‘early retired’ that such projects typically attract in the Galloway Glens area (although they have been awesome too!) We had a lot of young (Primary School-aged) families along to the digs over the summer holidays. We have had older families along at the weekend digs and guided walks, with some repeat attendance. We supported a student in gaining archaeological experience to support her studies in History and Archaeology at Edinburgh University We have issued Skills Passport for 2 attendees and signed off skills in them. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 31 OFFICIAL 7.3. Participant feedback A selection of feedback from participants via email: “I found the Rathmell staff to be really friendly and approachable. They took me asking cheeky questions really well and asked for our ideas on the site to bring our local knowledge into interpreting the site.” – Upper Gairloch Participant, April 2019 “It gave me a good introduction to an aspect of 3-D modelling of which I knew nothing. Liam clearly set out the Photogrammetry software packages that were available and gave a good assessment of their pros and cons. On the practical side, there was a useful discussion about what were the optimal photographic conditions required to achieve best results, what were the pitfalls; and how many shots and angles required.” – 3-D Modelling workshop participant, April 2019. • • • Tom and Liam [Rathmell] were great in sharing their broad knowledge of different aspects of archaeology, so the whole day was more interesting. Can't really think how it could be improved! It was a lot more than I expected. I loved being shown the low tech, accessible skills for surveying and now feel fairly confident that I could do a passable survey of an area. Tom and Liam were brilliant, we couldn’t have asked for more enthusiastic, informative, encouraging and engaging people, they get five stars from us. Participants in Mid-Kelton outdoor survey skills workshop, June 2019. “That does look like a good day out, Helen - as does the one to look at rusty metal on the hills. I’ve attached a photo taken in 1989 of my son Euan and the remains of the De Havilland Mosquito on Corserine. It might be interesting for the people who take part to compare this with the few scraps of material still there thirty years later.” – In response to an email about upcoming Corserine HighGround Wreck surveys. “I was really impressed by how the team took time to explain things and processes. I have been on community digs before where there was a definite them and us feeling and nothing was explained.” – Retired archaeologist, Castledykes test pitting, July 2019 “I had a fantastic time at the Threave dig, and feel quite sad that it's over. I met lots of lovely people and the folk from Rathmell (otherwise known as "The Orange Vests") were brilliant professional, keen to share their knowledge, and very willing to have a laugh. The camaraderie made even the toughest jobs seem like fun. I cannot praise them enough - especially Jack, who put up with an awful lot of good natured teasing along the way!” - Participant in Threave dig, August 2019. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 32 OFFICIAL “Just wanted to say that I am really liking having the videos on Twitter of the ROC post tour that Tom did yesterday. I couldn't make it along on the day due to working but has been really interesting catching up this evening and plan to go and have a look at some of the sites myself. Having the what 3 words locations is a really good idea to help with getting the right spot.” October 2019. “Heartfelt thanks to Helen, Tom, Claire (and anyone else who knows me.............) for the wonderful Galloway Glens Project - and all its bits - during 2019. It has been a real pleasure to participate in a variety of awesomely different "events" (HIGHLIGHT the Corserine survey on the hottest day of the year, but I'm also now looking at Moths [a different Galloway Glens project!] with total respect!), and I shall look forward to more fun in 2020!!!” – Regular participant, December 2019 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 33 OFFICIAL 7.4. Lessons Learned We actively encouraged our participants to give us constructive feedback in order to improve our delivery of events. Most of the suggestions for improvement were concentrated on the workshop delivery rather than the outdoor skills / excavations. Suggestions made and acted on included: • • • • • • • More Rathmell support at ‘Web-Based Resources’ workshops, in order to support basic IT skills as well as access to Canmore etc. Adjusting the format of the 3-D modelling workshops so that the flow was smoother, with less waiting on computer processing time. Giving as much notice as possible for events, and scheduling some for weekends. Publicising events via email as well as Facebook. Taking time to set all survey / excavation events in the context of the wider historical / archaeological events connected with the site. Creating a bus tour of the sites, to allow people with restricted mobility to get a sense of the Can You Dig It programme - this was planned for April 2020, now postponed due to Covid-19 restrictions. Making it clear in our event advertising that there were non-digging options available, such a cataloguing and drawing finds. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 34 OFFICIAL In addition, we learned through observation and reflection that: 1. There are a limited number of people in the Galloway Glens area who want to learn survey skills / 3-D modelling, and those that do are prepared to travel for it. Due to our initial commitment to spread events fairly across the geography of the Galloway Glens, we held duplicate workshops on each subject in the Glenkens, Castle Douglas and Kirkcudbright areas. The first workshops in all cases were well attended, and numbers then dropped off. In future, holding fewer workshops in Castle Douglas would appear to be acceptable to all participants. 2. For some reason, our participants prefer smaller digs to the longer ones. Attendance at the Moat Brae and Castledykes digs was noticeably higher per day than the Threave dig, which we thought would be a big draw. Perhaps newcomers were intimidated by the prospect of a ‘big dig’, or thought they had to commit more time. We can incorporate this learning into CYDI 2. 3. Participants very much appreciate the personal nature of our communications and project. The fact that all the emails come from the same named person within the Galloway Glens team (Helen Keron), and that all the events are delivered by a small team from Rathmell Archaeology means that people feel confident to get in touch with issues, ideas and feedback, increasing participation and engagement significantly. 4. Embedding Can You Dig It within a Landscape Partnership Scheme has had significant benefits. The project has benefited from the breadth of projects and networks that the Galloway Glens supports. The interactions between these has added richness and depth to our residents’ understanding of all aspects of their heritage. The Galloway Glens has benefited from the technical heft that the project has brought to the scheme – it has been a real anchor project, as well as a link. The links through CYDI to HES and the regional archaeologist has allowed Galloway Glens to (hopefully) influence practice on a regional and national level. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 35 OFFICIAL 8. Can You Dig It 2: 2020-2022 We were delighted to hear that we had been successful in our application to HES for continuation funding for a further two years of work on Can You Dig It. Can You Dig It will end in March 2020 under the current funding regime, and we are reluctant to leave our newly-inspired community without the wherewithal to follow up on their new interest. We therefore propose a second phase of Can You Dig It which will focus on three main themes: 1. Creating new active self-directing volunteer groups by providing them with the skills to: • Research and select appropriate targets of interest • Secure appropriate permissions • Have the skills and knowledge to operate a group safely • Organise and execute digs or explorations, open to the general public, to high (semiprofessional) standards • Record their findings appropriately • Work with other similar groups in the area to share learnings and best practice. 2. Creating a different volunteer group that will bring a deserted settlement into active custodianship. Maintain, improve and interpret it with a real sense of ownership. 3. Holding a series of public talks that will set the archaeology and built heritage of the area in a wider context, increasing knowledge in the wide public and encouraging them to value it more. 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 36 OFFICIAL 9. Conclusion We have been delighted by the success of Can You Dig It, especially in the compressed February 2019 – March 2020 timescale. We feel that our partnership approach in planning set us off in a strong strategic direction, and that the operational delivery has achieved many of the stated core aims. To re-cap, these aims were to: • • • • Increase enthusiasm and general knowledge amongst local residents for their built heritage Upskill enthusiasts further with a wide range of modern archaeological techniques Offer work experience / Skills passport opportunities to people looking to enter the field. Engage with a wide range of people and minimise barriers to participation. In addition, it was identified that the project should • • • Cover as wide a range of eras as practical Cover the Galloway Glens geographic area in an equitable manner. Build on previous community engagement with more work to ensure that the project meets the needs and expectations of the local community. It is hoped that this report demonstrates that this project has been planned and executed in such a way that those aims have been fully met. We have of course had challenges along the way, but our requests for and responses to community feedback mean that we have been able to be nimble in our evolution of the programme. We’d like to thank all the many supporters of the programme, both those mentioned in Section 6 above and also the private landowners who have given permission. Particular thanks are due to our funders, the NHLF and HES, without whose support we would not have been able to offer these activities for free. Cost is a major barrier to participation for some key demographics, so this support was most welcome. Helen Keron Education and Community Engagement Officer, Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership Scheme 26th March 2020 26/03/2020 CYDI – END OF YEAR REPORT OFFICIAL 37  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – End Of Year Report 2019 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_120 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource Can You Dig It review archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/9/579/GGLP-CYDI-Update-Aug19.pdf d30a1b704e4c1a17ed65c50f60651598 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Programme Update August 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It? Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Description An account of the resource The ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology Programme was a four year Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership project, providing engaging and educational archaeology activities, which ranged from community digs and community driven research projects, to dual-language archaeology inspired poetry. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document PUBLIC Galloway Glens Landscape Partnership Can You Dig It – Community Archaeology Project Update – August 2019 As we come to the end of the summer, it’s a good time to look back on the work we’ve done as part of our Community Archaeology programme in July and August 2019. Thanks to our funders, Historic Environment Scotland and the Heritage Lottery Fund, we’ve been able to make all of these learning experiences free for our volunteers. Big thanks are also due of course to the volunteers, who are making this into a fabulous programme, full of hard work, fun and finds, and also to Rathmell Archaeology, whose team remain most professional and enthusiastic, even in the face of some rather challenging weather conditions! The Polmaddy survey in mid-July was undertaken on two such ‘challenging’ days, but the volunteers persevered undaunted and created an excellent survey of the inn of the deserted settlement, which will hopefully add a lot of value to any further interpretation or exploration of the site. 21/08/2019 CYDI update – August 2019 PUBLIC 1 PUBLIC This was followed by the Castledykes excavation – our first proper dig! There were ‘finds galore’ and also the chance to see a special exhibition put on for us at the Stewartry Museum from the 1910s Castledykes excavations – fabulous to see our work set in a wider context. We then had a second very successful guided walk up Corserine to survey the remains of the WWII high-ground wrecks there – a fascinating aspect of our more recent history, and also a chance to see the Galloway Glens from a new perspective! 21/08/2019 CYDI update – August 2019 PUBLIC 2 PUBLIC A third Survey Skills workshop was held in St Cuthbert’s Kirkyard at the end of July, including the chance to join in on the regular guided tours of the Kirkyard hosted by the Kirkcudbright History Society – thanks for inviting us along guys! In August, we were delighted to be a venue at the Kirkcudbright Arts and Craft Trail for our Moat Brae excavation – we certainly got lots of interested visitors as well as volunteers, which was excellent to see. We’ve also been really pleased this summer holiday to have plenty of family groups along – it’s never too soon to recruit the next generation of enthusiasts! 21/08/2019 CYDI update – August 2019 PUBLIC 3 PUBLIC Lastly, we had a great few days at a Raiders Road deserted settlement last week, unearthing what looks to be a substantial dwelling. It’s hard but rewarding work out there, and the volunteers have been doing a great job at uncovering some more of our relatively recent history, despite yet more ‘challenging’ weather conditions! If you’d like to find out more about this programme, which will be continuing until at least March 2020, do contact Helen Keron, the Galloway Glens Education and Community Engagement Officer, on helen.keron@dumgal.gov.uk or 07827 306 866. For regular updates of upcoming events and progress reports, follow us on Facebook and Twitter – search for CanYouDigIt (@GGLPArchaeology). For news articles and technical reports of our work to date, look on: • • http://gallowayglens.org/resources and scroll down to Can You Dig It, and https://gallowayglens.org/projects/community-archaeology-programme-can-you-dig-it/ Helen Keron Galloway Glens 21st August 2019 21/08/2019 CYDI update – August 2019 PUBLIC 4  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Programme Update August 2019 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_119 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource Can You Dig It review archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/19/578/GGLP-CYDI-Workshop-Notes-Web-based-Research.pdf fefd00bf9294a2d767cee45e25b68f9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Workshop Notes – Web Based Research Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Workshop Notes Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document PUBLIC Galloway Glens ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology project – Technical notes. Web-based Heritage Research Training Workshop Note PUBLISHED: ·TUESDAY, 19 MARCH 2019 There are a range of resources available which provide information on the historic environment. Those listed here either provide all-Scotland coverage or are regional resources specific to the Galloway Glens area. Even when a resource has national coverage, this does not necessarily mean that the data held is of a consistent level across the resource. Canmore The ideal starting point for any web-based research is Canmore, compiled and maintained by Historic Environment Scotland. This is an online public archive and database, which forms a record of the archaeological and historical environment in Scotland. It contains details of over 320,000 archaeological sites, monuments, buildings and maritime sites - together with an index to the drawings, manuscripts and photographs held in the National Record of the Historic Environment - which can be searched via database query. Images of over 80,000 of the photographs or drawings in the collection are also available in Canmore. PUBLIC PUBLIC The information held there has come from a range of sources, ranging from professional archaeologists to amateur antiquarians, which has been amassed over more than a century. It also incorporates work carried out by archaeologists working for the Ordnance Survey. Much, however, was generated through the work of staff working for the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (who continue this role today as part of Historic Environment Scotland). It is the changing character of their work which has shaped and defined the scope and quality of the information held within the National Record of the Historic Environment. To understand the complexity of Canmore, it is useful to have some knowledge of the way in which the Commission’s role has changed since their creation. For many years, one of their primary roles was to compile and maintain an ‘Inventory’ of monuments. These originally were comprehensive hardbound volumes, often generated using the results of detailed field surveys produced on a county basis. Produced from 1911 to 1992, some 25 volumes were prepared, covering approximately 22 counties. The commission ceased production of Inventories in 1992, recognising that the format no longer met their objectives effectively. Their focus then changed to survey and publication work specifically targeted towards areas perceived to be under threat. These took the form of the Sites and Monuments volumes, produced on a more expedient basis to address those areas of Scotland experiencing rapid development pressure. Produced between 1978 and 1989, these volumes covered large areas of the north-east, central belt and northern isles. This work was followed between 1989 and 1998 with the Afforestable Land Survey, which targeted strategic areas where afforestation was anticipated, typically marginal ground in upland rural areas. During this period the Commission surveyed large areas of ground with a view to identifying and characterising the archaeology. While all of this data fed into Canmore, some was also published in thematic or areabased volumes (e.g. Glenesslin Nithsdale) Taking a more thematic approach was the First Edition Survey Project, a 6-year project which covered the whole of Scotland and which identified over 26,000 unroofed buildings depicted on the first edition Ordnance Survey maps of Scotland. PUBLIC PUBLIC The aim was to plot the changing character of Scotland’s rural landscape during the late 18th and 19th centuries. The summary results of the survey are published in But the Walls Remained, together with more information about the research value of early Ordnance Survey maps and descriptions of the common types of settlement and landscape features. All data has been integrated into Canmore, and it can provide a useful starting point for those embarking on a detailed study of medieval or later rural settlement. Now part of Historic Environment Scotland, their staff continue to develop and undertake a range of field survey projects that seek to record endangered or poorly understood elements of the historic environment. These projects can focus on large survey areas such as Donside, Canna or Holyrood Park. PastMap All the above have significantly enriched Canmore, but they are generated in a geographically proscribed manner. To the casual user, Canmore may be a difficult resource to work with, as there are so many variables in the searches. Finding a specific site can therefore be tricky, although for general searches, such as providing information on every Bronze Age cairn in a certain parish, it can be useful. But there are alternative ways of accessing this data, which some may find a more user-friendly approach. These take the forms of map-based searches, which allow the user to identify known sites visually. Canmore itself has a map-based websearch facility, but an alternative resource is available in PastMap, a map-based web tool produced by Historic Environment Scotland which - as well as providing point locations for every site, building, maritime feature or find recorded in Canmore, displays the location of: listed buildings; the boundaries of Scheduled Monuments; the boundaries of designed landscapes and gardens. Here, the query system links the map depiction of each mapped element through to the underlying data explaining what each element represents. PUBLIC PUBLIC PastMap also allows access to information held by the Historic Environment Record of Dumfries and Galloway Council. This is the database maintained by the local authority archaeologist, and it can be accessed independently of the Canmore site. The HER should be the first port-of-call when reporting new information about known sites or new discoveries throughout the area covered by the Galloway Glens Landscape Project. So far, we have found out how to identify what sites are known, by examining information in a database which allows us to learn what a particular site is, where it is located, and how much - if any- archaeological work has been done previously there in the past. We’ve examined resources which locate these sites on a modern map, but this is merely the starting point for a much more complex and enriching process. Let’s turn now to historic mapping - for this resource, the main repository is undoubtedly the National Libraries of Scotland of which the National Map Library of Scotland is a part. National Libraries The National Libraries of Scotland (NLS) has its roots in the late 17th century, and was given legal rights to claim a copy of every book published in Britain in 1710. It is one of only 6 legal deposit libraries in Britain and Ireland, and now holds 14 million printed items and 100,000 manuscripts, as well as maps and other items. It should be considered a primary source of reference material for background reading relating to the historic environment, including most – if not indeed all – of the journal runs and major publications listed below. Its Rare Book Collections also include works pertinent to Scotland’s history and built environment. Forming part of the NLS is the National Map Library of Scotland. With over 2 million maps in its collections, the Map Library allows access to some of the most important maps of Scotland produced between 1560 and 1928. Many of these are now web-mounted – these include maps of 16th and 17th century date by the celebrated mapmakers Pont and Blaeu, 18th century military maps; 18th and 19th PUBLIC PUBLIC marine maps; and Ordnance Survey large scale Scottish Town plans, printed between 1847 and 1895. While there are a broad range of cartographic sources available, two prominent national survey programmes are particularly worthy of mention. The first is the Military Survey of Scotland, which was the first systematic survey of mainland Scotland and is an excellent source for research. The maps show settlements, cultivation, woodland, parkland, roads and tracks in colour at a scale of one inch to 1000 yards (1:36000). This is an important source as it records the preimprovement landscape, but it should be used with caution as the mapping can be inaccurate and inconsistent while the Gaelic place names can be unreliable. The second is provided by the Ordnance Survey mapping programmes, which began mapping rural Scotland in 1843, at a scale of six inches to the mile (1:10560). This scale is large enough to show individual buildings, roads and field systems. The country was surveyed by county, with each county then re-surveyed on two occasions - it is the initial First Edition of this mapping sequence that provided the data for the First Edition Survey Section which was mentioned previously in the section devoted to Canmore. Providing an important accessory to the First Edition Ordnance Survey maps is the Name Book, in which surveyors recorded the authorities used for every name which appeared on the map sheet. A short description of each feature is included (eg 'a small farmhouse with suitable offices, one storey, thatched and in poor repair') along with the name of the proprietor. This is a valuable resource which can assist in understanding the rural structures and settlement depicted, and it is amongst the varied range of resources which can be accessed via the on-line web resource Scotland’s Places. PUBLIC PUBLIC Maps and Mapping We’ll be learning more about Scotland’s Places later, but before we leave the subject of mapping, there’s one last resource to mention. This is DAMP, the Dumfries Archival Mapping Project which has been web-mounting estate maps and plans throughout Nithsdale and will be doing the same for material in Stewartry and the Galloway Glens Landscape Project area. These plans can be accessed via the National Map Library of Scotland on-line web portal. Please bear in mind, however, that these are organised according to parish, so you’ll have to have a broad understanding of your location before you start using this resource. We’ve seen already how data from historic mapping was used by staff of the thenRCAHMS to create the First Edition Survey Project; before moving on from mapping, mention should also be made of the Historic Land Use Assessment project, still ongoing under the direction of Historic Environment Scotland. Developed as a map-based analysis of past and present-day land use throughout Scotland, this resource provides a categorisation system for landscape history. Each area with similar origins has been given one of 55 Historic Land-use Types, which also allocates it a Category group, or a Period of origin. Wherever past landuse is detected it is recorded as a Relict Category, Period and Type. This categorisation is largely based on cartographic sources; while ground testing is undertaken to support the assessment where map-based research proves inconclusive, general survey is not carried out. Forming a modern counterpoint to traditional mapping techniques is aerial imagery. The National Collection of Aerial Photographs. held and maintained by Historic Environment Scotland, contains a broad range of aerial images generated from the 1930s onwards. These include: RAF training, reconnaissance and camouflage survey images; Luftwaffe imagery; oblique imagery from RCAHMS sponsored flights; and late-20th century imagery from Ordnance Survey and other mapping projects. PUBLIC PUBLIC Access to some aerial imagery can be carried out via Canmore, but a much broader range can be viewed via a web-mounted application set up by the National Collection of Aerial Photographs. This helps users to locate aerial photographs held in the collections, containing details of flight plots which illustrate where there will be vertical aerial photographic coverage. Images can be viewed without charge, but only at a very small size - in order to obtain a detailed image, a visit to the Collections is required, or a digital file must be ordered. These images can be useful when viewing areas which were subject to afforestation in the post-war period - RAF sorties in particular may show these locations prior to planting, and hence depopulated settlements in particular may be revealed in some detail. Up-to-date satellite imagery can also be a valuable source of information, via commercial websites such as Google Earth or Google Maps. This is particularly useful if you’re looking to find out about a particular location’s current land use. So far, we’ve found out how to find out what known sites are present in the landscape, and we’ve also explored the historic mapping and aerial imagery resources which can show us how the landscape evolved in modern times, and following on from that - help us to establish how well a site may have survived to the present. We can also use historic mapping and aerial imagery to identify potential new sites within the landscape. All this is particularly useful for relatively ‘modern’ sites, in particular for farms and settlements of post-medieval and modern date. We’ve also seen how this kind of data can be used to create detailed pictures of change in the landscape, through the Historic Land Use Assessment project. PUBLIC PUBLIC Historic Land Use Assessment The Historic Land Use Assessment provides a very broad overview of the landscape and its evolution, but for those who are interested, there are web-based resources which can provide a more specialised and localised insight into the environment. These rely on excellent levels of preservation in the environmental data (such as pollen) and therefore they are linked with wetland locations. Two main specialist datasets are available, covering differing aspects of the historic environment. The first is the Scottish Palaeoecological Archive Database produced jointly by the University of Edinburgh and the then-Historic Scotland, this resource provides information on sites in Scotland where evidence of past environments has been preserved in the ‘natural archives’ of peat bogs, mires and lochs. By studying such evidence (which includes fossil plants and pollen, animal bones and sediments), palaeoecologists can reconstruct past ecosystems and study their change over time. To date, information relating to the area of the Galloway Glens and its immediate environs is limited. The Scottish Wetlands Archaeological Database is perhaps more interesting to the general user, as it integrates archaeological information with environmental data. It contains 6,000 records and highlights the importance of wetlands as repositories of archaeological information. The information held in the database was generated by combining digital overlays of wetland sites defined using information obtained from Scottish Natural Heritage and the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, with archaeological information held in Canmore. Created in order to produce a fuller understanding of the potential of Scottish wetland archaeology, it can also be used as a management tool and a source of information for interpretative schemes. PUBLIC PUBLIC Journals Much of the emphasis so far has been on archaeological sites relating to the recent past, but those of you with an interest in prehistory or the medieval period, we’ve seen how Canmore and the Scottish Wetland Archaeological Database can help you learn more. Even more detailed information is available in a number of journals which have direct relevance to the study of the historic environment in Scotland and that’s true of the post-medieval and modern periods, too. These journals often have extensive runs but can be difficult to source - helpfully, one of the roles of Historic Environment Scotland is to collate, synthesise and integrate information derived from such journals and include it within the National Record of the Historic Environment. However, this is not a verbatim transfer of information and more data is almost invariably retained in the primary source, which are referenced from the Canmore entries. A list of the better-known journals is included here, to give some idea of what is available. Most are available only as hard copies which can be viewed in major libraries, but some are now web-mounted. Those that can be accessed free-of-charge as web-mounted documents can be accessed via links provided. • Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1792 - present) – a platform for the publication of articles concerned with archaeology and antiquarian studies across Scotland • Transactions of the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society (1862-present) - a journal dedicated to the natural history, archaeology and history of Dumfries and Galloway. • Council for Scottish Archaeology’s Discovery and Excavation in Scotland (1947 - present) – this provides an annual gazetteer of archaeological projects undertaken in Scotland; • Scottish Archaeological Journal (1969 - present) – formerly known as Glasgow Archaeological Journal, this journal has, in recent years, transformed PUBLIC PUBLIC itself from a regional journal focussing mainly on western Scotland to a publication with a broader scope of interest encompassing the whole of Scotland. Scottish Archaeological Forum Monographs (1969 - 1981) – these • comprise the published proceedings of the various conferences hosted by SAF. All contain some material which is relevant to Scotland, with many volumes devoted entirely to aspects of Scottish archaeology and the built heritage. • Vernacular Buildings, Scottish Vernacular Buildings Working Group Journal (1975 – present) – devoted to the publication of articles relating to Scotland’s smaller traditional buildings, built using local materials and methods. There are also a range of United Kingdom (or International) journals that can include articles directly relating to the archaeology and/or built heritage of Scotland, and its place in a wider national or even international context. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society – publishes papers on all aspects of • prehistory with an emphasis on the British Isles, Europe, SW Asia, and the countries bordering the Mediterranean; • Britannia – dedicated to the archaeology of Roman Britain; • Medieval Archaeology – the aims of this publication are to support and advance the study of the medieval period (5th– 16th century AD) in Britain and Ireland; • Post-Medieval Archaeology - a bi-annual journal devoted to the study of the material evidence of European society wherever it is found throughout the world; • Industrial Archaeology Review – covers all practical aspects of recording, surveying, excavation, interpretation, conservation and protective legislation relating to the surviving evidence of industrial activity; and • Garden History - its aim is to advance understanding of the history and conservation of gardens and designed landscapes. PUBLIC PUBLIC In addition, there have been, or continue to be, a number of critical national specialists’ syntheses or surveys that provide a valuable source of information at the national level as to the character of the historic environment. These include: • Pevesner Buildings of Scotland - Produced by the Buildings Books Trust detailing the architectural history of the regions of Scotland; • Industrial Archaeology of Scotland – Two volumes by prominent industrial archaeologist, John Hume, devoted to the industrial archaeology of Scotland. Published in the 1970’s, Volume I is devoted to Lowland, and Volume II to Highland, Scotland. The author gives detailed but succinct summaries of a variety of industrial buildings, presented on a county-by-county basis; • A Guide to the Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland – a 19th century series authored by architectural historians MacGibbon and Ross which is still considered an important primary source and a definitive guide to medieval and early post-medieval buildings in Scotland; • A Guide to the Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland – as Castellated & Domestic Architecture (above), but devoted to churches, cathedrals and other religious buildings of medieval and early post-medieval date. This summary of journals and syntheses shows just how diverse the study of our past can be, and how many specialist offshoots there are. Whatever your site of interest, it’s almost guaranteed that someone, somewhere, will have carried out a more detailed investigation of the type or class of monument that this site represents. Many of the journals listed above are produced by specialist societies such as the Association for Industrial Archaeology, or the Society for Medieval Archaeology, but others represent resources compiled by institutions or even, in some cases, individuals. PUBLIC PUBLIC Other resources For those interested in industrial archaeology, an extremely useful resource is provided by the Scottish Mining Website, which provides detailed information relating to all aspects of Scottish extractive industries. Another interesting site to visit is Scotland’s Brick Manufacturing Industry, which provides information relating to the numerous brick manufacturers operating in Scotland during the 19th and 20th centuries. If your interest lies in historic church sites, then the Historic Churchyards of Dumfries and Galloway is worth exploring, while for those whose interest lies in Medieval or Later Rural Settlement (the Raiders Road sites provide us with typical examples of this kind of site), the website Scotland’s Rural Past project will be of interest. Scotland’s Rural Past (SRP) was a five-year (2006-11), nationwide project, which supported local communities across Scotland in the investigation of deserted rural settlements dating from the medieval and post-medieval periods. The website remains as a free resource which provides guidance of the research, identification, recording and protection of Medieval or Later Rural Settlement. Museums / archives Looking more broadly at artefacts originating from the prehistoric period onwards, we increasingly find that the accessioned items which make up museum collections are being more widely shared on line as digital records and - often - images. The Future Museum initiative, which highlights the collections of museums throughout Dumfries and Galloway and Ayrshire, has a map-based search element which links sites and objects. The National Museums of Scotland has an on-line search facility for its collections, but at present this is poorly populated in terms of the images available. Also worth a look is the British Museum on-line collections database, which holds some material from the Galloway Glens area. PUBLIC PUBLIC Another site which includes information and images relating to artefacts is Scran, a learning image services which currently hosts over 490,000 images, movies and sound clips derived from museums (including the National Museums of Scotland), archives, galleries and other institutions. including the media. Scran - formerly part of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, but now run by Historic Environment Scotland - aims to provide educational access to digital materials representing material culture and history. This is provided through the wholly owned trading arm Scran Ltd. They are one of the largest educational online services in the UK supporting over 4,000 schools, libraries, colleges and universities. It can be used as a superior form of clip art or for particular learning applications. It uses an advanced licensing system in which the institution retains ownership of the digitised assets but makes these available under licence to Scran, although small versions of the images can be viewed free of charge. Further resources are available for obtaining contemporary and historic photographs, drawings, etc. Many feature historic buildings, archaeological sites or artefacts, with access to the resource is obtained via subscription. These include the image library of the University of Aberdeen, which has in its large and varying photographic collection the George Washington Wilson Collection, which consists of over 40,000 glass plate negatives produced by the Aberdeen photographer's company during the second half of the 19th century. The University of St Andrews also has an on-line image library which offers access to the photographic material held within the Special Collections Department of the University of St Andrews Library. The whole collection currently numbers in excess of 300,000 images, and is one of the largest and most important collections of historic photography in Scotland, stemming primarily from the fact that St Andrews played a vital role in the development of the photographic process. The archive also includes large collections such as the monochrome image archive of Valentines of Dundee, the photographic company which produced Scottish topographical views from the 1860s, and later became internationally famous as the producers of picture postcards. The negatives of Robert Moyes Adam, the wellknown Scottish landscape photographer whose work spans the first half of this century, numbers some 15,000 negatives. The work of George Cowie, a local press PUBLIC PUBLIC photographer from 1930 to 1982, covers all aspects of life in and around St Andrews and the East Neuk of Fife, with a considerable section on the subject of golf. Several other collections from the later 19th century and throughout the present century complement these major archives, with photographs covering a wide range of locations and subject areas. Last, but by no means least, we’re going to move from the study of places and physical structures to people. The past as we see it today was created through the actions and activities of people, and while it’s difficult to find evidence for individuals throughout much of the prehistoric, Roman and medieval periods, the post-medieval period sees the introduction of much more detailed documentary sources. Many of these are now available on-line. People General overviews of particular locations, which include information on population and land ownership, as well as industrial and agricultural production, can be found in the Statistical Accounts of Scotland. The First (Old) Statistical Account (17911799) was established in order to investigate the impact and effects of the agricultural improving movement upon the contemporary Scottish countryside. It contains many descriptions of traditional, pre-improvement farming practices, as well as descriptions of improved and experimental methods of agriculture. The Second (New) Statistical Account (1834-1845) was compiled when the improving movement was in full swing and the country experiencing a period of great economic change – the industrial revolution. As well as information about the progress of agricultural improvements, this account contains descriptions of emigration and famine across many parts of the Highlands. Another potential source is the Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland (1882-1885) by FH Groome: this is the best Scottish gazetteer to look out for, and whoile copies of this publication, or later editions, should be found in your local studies library or archive, the second edition (1892-1896) has been digitised and is available on-line. PUBLIC PUBLIC The National Records of Scotland has a search facility which allows detailed study of specific places or people/families, and this is particularly useful for those interested in detailed aspects of land ownership, Now incorporated into the larger holdings of the National Records of Scotland are records once held by the National Registers of Scotland, the Government Agency responsible for compiling and maintaining the registers relating to property and other legal documents. These can provide information on land ownership. Deeds relating to rights in property were originally held in the Register of Sasines, which was established in 1617; this was the system in place until 1979 when the Land Register of Scotland was introduced to replace it. More general searches can be carried out via the Scotland’s Places portal. Run collaboratively by the National Records of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and Historic Environment Scotland, this resource allows access to a variety of material which includes maps, surveys and plans, photographs, archaeological records, drawings, and a variety of tax rolls. These include links to Canmore, and an ability to search the Ordnance Survey Name Books, which were mentioned previously. The tax rolls, in particular, provide the names and details of individuals, with records going back as far as the mid-1600s in places. More recent information such as census returns is not included; for this, it is necessary to visit the Scotland’s People website, which charges a fee for carrying out an outline search of the records in any detail. The 1851 census for Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire has, however, been web-mounted by Dumfries and Galloway Council: it can be accessed via the website of Dumfries and Galloway Family History Society, which also provides additional resources which may prove helpful to the researcher. Dr Louise Turner Rathmell Archaeology March 2019 PUBLIC  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Workshop Notes – Web Based Research Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_118 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource A set of Technical Notes from community archaeology skills training workshops. archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/19/577/GGLP-CYDI-Workshop-Notes-Survey-Techniques.pdf ce925ebe5b37f17b03a3073107dbf927 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Workshop Notes – Survey Techniques Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Workshop Notes Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document OFFICIAL Galloway Glens ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology project. Survey Skills - Training Workshop Note Surveying A major part of all archaeological work is to accurately record your subject material, be that a historic standing building, a prehistoric standing stone or whatever has been uncovered within a trench that you’ve just excavated. Most archaeologists these days will use the most up-to-date surveying techniques and equipment such as total stations and global positioning systems (GPS), which are expensive and require extensive training, but they also still use older, more simple methods such as baseline (tape and offset) and plane table surveys. OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Scale Making sure your survey is scaled properly is important. Most archaeological excavation drawings use large scales such as 1:10 or 1:20, but for surveying small earthworks or historic structures in the wider landscape, a smaller scale is often used such as 1:50 or 1:100. If you’re surveying a larger number of structures or a large earthwork, you may opt for an even smaller scale such as 1:500 or 1:1000. Below is a quick guide for these various scales: • 1:10 - 1m in the real world is 100mm on your drawing • 1:20 - 1m ... is 50mm • 1:50 - 1m ... is 20mm • 1:100 - 1m ... is 10mm • 1:500 - 1m ... is 2mm • 1:1000 - 1m ... is 1mm Baseline (Tape & Offset) Survey A baseline survey is a method of recording archaeological sites by creating a scaled drawing using 30m and 50m measuring tapes, pegs and a wooden drawing board covered with graph paper and drafting film (commonly known as permatrace), as well as assorted stationery. The main baseline is set out close to the subject matter (such as a ruined medieval building or prehistoric cairn). The baseline is replicated to scale on your drawing board and then measurements, offsets, are taken at right angles between the baseline and the subject matter. The result of this on your OFFICIAL OFFICIAL drawing will be, for instance, the curve of one side of a cairn or the corner or sides of a building. The baseline can also be easily extended using scaled ranging poles (2m high). You simply place one at the start of your baseline and one at the end. Then stretch out another tape from the endpoint to the desired length and use a third pole, which will need to be lined up with the other poles on the first stretch of the main baseline. Judging the right angle of an offset from the baseline at short distances (2-3m) can often be done by eye, but error can easily creep in at longer distances. To get around this, it is sometimes best to create one or more secondary baselines off the main or starting baseline. This can easily be done by using the Pythagoras’ Theorem of the 3:4:5 triangle, which can be extended to create 10m or 20m baselines (6:8:10 and 12:16:20 triangles). These secondary baselines are used in exactly the same way as the main one, and further baselines can be extended off them too, so that the entirety of your subject matter can be recorded from every angle. Baseline Survey at Old Kirk, Kelton (June 2019) OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Problems can occur where the ground is uneven, there are high walls, or the ground slopes etc. These can be solved by using ranging poles at both ends of the offset to raise the measuring tape (sometimes using a spirit level). This means hard-to-access parts of your subject matter, such as the inner face of a buildings wall, can also be surveyed. Plane Table Survey A plane table survey is another method of recording archaeological sites which utilises a drawing board (which is covered graph paper and drafting film) attached to a survey tripod, a 30m or 50m tape, pegs, plumb bob, spirit level, a 2m ranging pole and assorted stationery. Another piece of specialist equipment needed is an ‘alidade’, which is essentially a flat, ruler-shaped object, which could be made from metal, wood or plastic. At both ends of the alidade are two attached upright sights. This type of survey has been in use from at least the 16th century in Europe, although it may have been in use long before this. The alidade itself dates to at least the 15th century, but again may be older, and has Arabic origins - ‘alʽiḍāda’ meaning the revolving radius of a circle. The survey process starts with the alidade being placed flat upon the drawing board and set against a drawing pin which marks the centre point of the board. A plumb bob is then attached to the underside of the drawing board so that it directly overlies a survey point on the ground (usually marked out with a wooden or plastic peg). The end of the 30m or 50m tape is then held at the peg at ground level or at the drawing pin marking the centre of the board. The other end of the tape and a 2m survey pole are then placed at a point of interest on your subject matter (e.g. the wall of a building or edge of a ditch) and the sights of the alidade are used to line up with the survey pole. A line is drawn along the edge of the alidade from the centre point on the drawing board, and a scale ruler used to accurately mark the point of interest on your OFFICIAL OFFICIAL drawing. This process continues until you have fully recorded your subject matter, or recorded as much as can be seen from your initial survey point. Plane Table Survey at Polmaddy deserted settlement (July 2019) Further survey points on the ground can be added so that the hard-to-access parts of your survey subject matter can be recorded, such as the rear of a tall building or large earthwork. To do this, first ensure that both your original and new survey points are recorded on your first drawing. Set up the plane table, with a fresh sheet of drafting film on the board, over the new survey point and make sure as before that both the new and old survey points are on the new drawing. The drawings can then later be combined by overlaying them, making sure the recorded survey points line up. This allows a final drawing of the subject matter to be completed. OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Extending your Survey Techniques Baseline and plane table techniques are how most archaeological surveys are carried out, but there are variations of these surveys and also other types of field survey which you can try your hand at. For more information on archaeological surveying, you should check out the ‘Scotland’s Rural Past’ website, a project that ran from 2006 to 2011. This project was run by the Royal Commission for Ancient and Historical Monuments (now Historic Environment Scotland) to help local communities across the country record historic rural settlements. They produced an online book which shows a range of techniques, such as baseline and plane table surveying which you can try out. Tying Surveys into Ordnance Survey Mapping With both of the above techniques, it can be useful to tie your survey into modern Ordnance Survey mapping. If you have a handheld GPS device which has reasonable accuracy, then points and/or coordinates can be taken on your survey points or at the endpoints of your baseline. A simpler method would be to survey in existing geographic features such field boundaries, streets or buildings and to use this data such that you can overlay your survey with existing Ordnance Survey mapping. Producing an Illustration from the Survey There are different ways in which to create a finished illustration from your survey work. You can simply overlay the various elements of your survey and mapping and trace with ink pens, which can take a bit of time and is easy to make mistakes. An alternative is to use illustration software such as Adobe Illustrator (quite expensive but there are trial & student versions) or open- OFFICIAL OFFICIAL source software (free) such as Inkscape. Note that these options require a scanner for your computer. Illustration of the inn at Polmaddy from survey data using Inkscape (July 2019) Created by Rathmell Archaeology for the Galloway Glens, December 2019. http://www.rathmell-arch.co.uk/ OFFICIAL  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Workshop Notes – Survey Techniques Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_117 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource A set of Technical Notes from community archaeology skills training workshops. archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/19/576/GGLP-CYDI-Workshop-Notes-3-D-Modelling.pdf e37dd003e34b3d2d91eeb5a8392b942c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Workshop Notes – 3-D Modelling Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Workshop Notes Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Galloway Glens ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology project – Technical notes. 3D Models from Photographs Training Workshop Note PUBLISHED: MONDAY, 25 MARCH 2019 What are 3D models? 3D models are used in movies, animations and video games but are also used in many scientific fields and increasingly in recording built-heritage and archaeological sites and artefacts. 3D modelling is the process of creating a 3D representation or visualization of any surface or object by manipulating polygons, edges and vertices in a simulated 3D space. A physical version of this would be creating a papier mache model with a ridged frame of wire, over which paper pulp and glue would be spread to create a shape which once dried out would then be painted. This is essentially what happens virtually in your computer while making a 3D model. Quick overview on Digital Documentation There are various forms of digital documentation which can be for the recording of heritage objects or structures such as LIDAR (light detection and ranging), Laser Scanning, RTI (reflectance transformation imaging) and structure from motion (SFM) photogrammetry. All of these can produce 3D models or visualisations of varying scales and complexity. Lots of heritage organisations from local community groups through to the National Museum Scotland are beginning to utilise this new technology. Some of these technologies, such as laser scanning, can involve expensive equipment, software and training at the start. Luckily structure from motion photogrammetry (often called photo scanning) is a bit more accessible and more importantly, it’s cheap. Though you can spend a lot of money on creating 3D models through photogrammetry it is possible to use something as simple as the camera on your mobile, free or open source software found online and a modern pc or laptop (though without a good graphics card in it, creating a 3D model could take a while) and still get some pretty decent results. Some examples of the different larger projects that have made use of digital documentation are shown below: • Forth Bridges 3D Project • 3D Digital Documentation of Edinburgh Castle Fore Well • St Andrews University’s 3D reconstructions of parts of Edinburgh • Glasgow School of Art’s 2017 Degree Show (Shona Noble) visualisation (with sound) of Fingal’s Cave on the Isle of Staffa For more information on Digital Documentation you can download and read Historic Environment Scotland’s short guide. How do you create 3D models? 3D models can be created either manually (like papier mache models or sculpting with clay) using specialized 3D production software such as Blender or Maya that let users create and manipulate polygonal surfaces, or by scanning real-world objects through photogrammetry or laser scanning software, such as 3DF Zephyr, Agisoft Metashape or Meshroom, into a set of data points that can be used to represent the object digitally. With photogrammetry, the 3D model is created by first taking a series of overlapping photographs from as many different angles as possible of say, a tree stump, which you will then upload to your computer and process using the photogrammetry software of your choice. Depending on the software you use it is possible to edit your photos and set how detailed you want the resultant 3D model to be. General Rules for Data Capture for Photogrammetry are: • Do your best to keep the object or structure centred while framing your photos • With photogrammetry outdoors, it is best to avoid direct light sources (i.e. very sunny days) that may cast shadows and hide parts of the object or structure’s surface areas. With photogrammetry inside, you may have to add diffuse light sources, use a plain backdrop and possibly use a turntable for smaller portable objects in order to get good results • Try to avoid high ISO values on your camera as it can create a noisy background which will confuse photogrammetry software packages. An ISO value of 200-600 is a good rule of thumb, although usually the lower the better • Use a high aperture value (F/8 – F/16) for your camera as this will help with obtaining a deep depth of field for your photos • Keep your shutter speed at a higher value: 1/125 or more • Try not to take blurry photos. Using better quality cameras, having the right type of light or using a tripod can help reduce this risk • One of the most important rules is that you make sure your photos have at least a 60% overlap (though 70-80% would be better). Try to shoot as many photos you can. If you think you’re finished, take some more! • For an object like a statue or gravestone, you will need to circle it, taking photographs at 10° intervals, which will mean 36 photos for each circle. You should repeat this with the camera at different height levels (for instance crouching or standing) and at different distances from the object (sometimes getting very close if there are details on the object such as carvings on a gravestone). The number of photos you can use within the software may be hampered by the type of software you’re using (e.g. 3DF Zephyr Free only allows 50 photos) • You should also keep in mind when taking your photographs UK law with regards to privacy (near privately owned property) and/or protection of children (near schools or nurseries). It’s also a good idea to seek permission before you start to snap away. Listed below are the different types of software which can be used for photogrammetry and 3D modelling once you’ve acquired your photogrammetry data. There are also others available. Free Software: • 3DF Zephyr Free - Has a limit of 50 photos per model but other than that, perfect for starting out. • Meshroom - Very new software which is very good but you need to use other software to upload to Sketchfab. Hopefully new versions will allow this in the future. • 3D Regard - Good, but slow, free software, though needs to be edited in other software. • Visual SFM - Good, but slow, free software though needs to be edited in other software. Paid Software: • 3DF Zephyr (Lite & Pro) - Fast software though the Lite version is limited to 500 photos (permanent licence £127-£3,300) • Agisoft MetaShape - Fast software though the standard version has limited functionality (permanent licence £135-£2,634) • Reality Capture - One of the fastest softwares out there with plenty of functionality (£85 for 3 months or £3,420-£13,000 for a permanent licence) • Pix4Dmodel - Good software with plenty of functionality. Cloud processing allows people with older computers to create 3D models online (£36 a month & free trial) • PhotoModeler - Good software with plenty of functionality (£37 a month, £750 for a permanent licence & free trial) • AutoDesk ReCap - Fast software with plenty of functionality (£42 a month & free trial) 3D modelling software (for editing & uploading): • Blender - Allows the creation of 3D models from scratch, editing of 3D models, upload to SketchFab and many other uses (free) • Maya - Allows the creation of 3D models from scratch, editing of 3D models, upload to SketchFab and many other uses (£216 a month & free trial) • Meshlab - Allows the editing of 3D models and upload to SketchFab. Difficult interface (free) • 3DS Max - Similar software & pricing as Maya. What Equipment do you need to do Photogrammetry? As mentioned above, it is possible to create 3D models with as much or as little equipment as is available or affordable. It is easy to create a basic model say of a gravestone or small statue using the camera on your smartphone or a point and click camera. Many phones and basic cameras allow you to change ISO and/or shutter speed so it is possible to get good results. It is also possible to get a good result using the automatic settings on your phone or camera without having to go into the settings of your device. To get better results, using a DSLR camera is your best option, particularly where the lighting conditions are trickier such as a dimly lit interior. To stop your phone or camera from shaking it is a good idea to set it on a tripod which will reduce the chance of blurry photos. It is also possible to mount your camera on an extendable pole (or even a selfie stick for your phone) which is useful when the object is larger, for instance a building or tall statue. Care should be taken with these as they could be dropped in windy conditions, and you should check there are no overhead services. Below is a list of what you need for carrying out photogrammetry for a simple object outdoors: • Smartphone or point and click camera with over 5 megapixels (though 8 megapixels would be best) • Free or open source photogrammetry software • A computer with decent specs (at least 8GB RAM and a dedicated graphics card) To get better results the following would come in handy depending on what you’re trying to achieve: • DSLR or Bridge camera • Paid unlimited photogrammetry software • Portable LED lighting • Tripod, camera pole, selfie stick • Portable camera tent and neutral backdrop • Turntable (for smaller object photogrammetry) Where can you display your 3D Models? Though there are a number of online websites where 3D models can be uploaded and displayed, by far and away the best is Sketchfab. Sketchfab is like the YouTube for 3D models and though there are yearly and monthly paid plans to use it, there is an unlimited free plan which meets the needs of most users. Sketchfab allows the editing of 3D models and the use of text captions, animation and sound so that it’s possible to present a professional looking 3D model. Many of the photogrammetry and 3D modelling software packages allow you to create basic animations with your 3D models which can be uploaded to YouTube or other similar websites. This is useful as sometimes more complicated models are hard to view on some computers, phones or tablets. It is also possible to link or embed 3D models and videos of them onto a website, blog post or social media. Below are some suggested links to collections of 3D models by: • Thomas Flynn on Monuments & Sites and on Museums, Galleries & Exhibitions; • the National Museum of Scotland on Scottish History and Archaeology; and • Dr Hugo Anderson-Whymark on Skara Brae : Structures. Case Study 1 – Cadder Parish Church, East Dunbartonshire My first attempt at photogrammetry was at Cadder Parish Church, East Dunbartonshire. The work was carried out as part of a small project which involved researching some of the history of the church and the village of Cadder. We brought in photogrammetry to help record architectural elements of the church, gravestones and other structures within the graveyard, such as a mortsafe and watch house used to stop grave robbing in the early 19th century. The resulting article shows the results that can be achieved using just a smartphone and free software to produce the model collection, though a higher spec computer was still needed to process the data. If high spec computers are not available then photogrammetry software such as Pix4Dmodel could be used, as it can be processed online via cloud processing meaning any computer can be used (though it has a monthly cost to it). Case Study 2 – Culzean Castle, South Ayrshire Rathmell Archaeology’s first use of photogrammetry was during excavations to look for the early 17th century walled garden within the Fountain Court of Culzean Castle. The excavation identified the SSW corner of the wall and the National Trust for Scotland asked for photogrammetry to be carried out for the excavated area. Aerial photo of the excavations at Fountain Court during the excavations. The on-site data was captured using a DSLR Camera after the excavation had just finished up. The photos were taken by circling the excavated area at a crouched and standing level with all of the photographs overlapping each other by at least 60%. The model was created with 3DF Zephyr Lite using over 200 of the photographs which were taken on site. The editing of photographs and processing of the images took 3-4 hours (using a PC with an NVidia Graphics Card). Screen Capture of the finished 3D Model Case Study 3 – 18th century Well at Levengrove Park, Dumbarton One of Rathmell Archaeology’s most recent uses of photogrammetry and 3D modelling was during the excavation of an 18th century well which had been exposed at Levengrove Park, Dumbarton after the storms of September 2018 blew over a tree (over a hundred years old) which had grown over it. The excavation involved the usual archaeological techniques such as shovelling and trowelling but also involved the clearing out of debris and water from the bottom of the well. The latter work was luckily carried out by West Dunbartonshire Council. View of the Levengrove well after excavation The on-site data was captured using a DSLR Camera after the excavation had just finished up. The photos were taken by circling the excavated area at a crouched and standing level. A series of higher angled photos were obtained using a 2-3m pole which the DSLR was mounted on. The camera mounted pole was also lowered carefully into the bottom of the well to capture data there. All of the photographs taken overlapped each other by at least 60% and a number of close up shots were also taken to try and get more detail of the stonework used in the well’s construction. The model was created with 3DF Zephyr Lite using over 300 of the photographs which were taken on site. The editing of photographs and processing of the images took 4-5 hours (using a PC with an NVidia Graphics Card). Using Camera mounted on pole to record the bottom of the well with mobile for DSLR remote. Another 3D model was taken after restoration works were completed at Levengrove Park so that the well could be displayed to the public safely. Screen capture of the 3D model of the well Created by Rathmell Archaeology for the Galloway Glens, March 2019. http://www.rathmell-arch.co.uk/  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Workshop Notes – 3-D Modelling Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_116 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource A set of Technical Notes from community archaeology skills training workshops. archaeology GGLP https://glenkensarchive.scot/glenkens_archive/files/original/18/575/GGLP-CYDI-Technical-Note-7-Clatteringshaws-Hut-Circles.pdf 51bb43d4ae61defba810da3f74e02d70 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Technical Notes – 7 Clatteringshaws Hut Circles Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Technical Notes Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document OFFICIAL Galloway Glens ‘Can You Dig It’ Community Archaeology project – Technical notes. #7: The Hut Circles of Moss Raploch – Reconstructing the Iron Age Located within the Galloway Forest Park, the original site of Moss Raploch is within north-east corner of Clatteringshaws Loch (NX 55307765) east of the A712. Parking is available at the Forestry & Land Scotland visitor centre, located at Clatteringshaws Farm. Walking the path to Moss Raploch, you pass the remnants of the reconstruction. OFFICIAL OFFICIAL The discovery of submerged houses Clatteringshaws Loch was created in 1937 by the damming of the Black Water of Dee. This process flooded the surrounding landscape, including the bog at Moss Raploch. Progressive erosion over the following decades revealed in May 1974, during drainage operations, two hut circles on the bed of the reservoir at Moss Raploch. The Moss Raploch hut circles lay 80m apart on level ground on the east side of the valley, at a point where Clatteringshaws Lane flows westwards towards the Black Water of Dee. Both hut circles appeared as penannular stone banks 1.4m broad enclosing an area 5.5m in diameter. The excavations During July and August 1974 the more readily accessible hut circle was excavated due to the danger of further erosion damaging the archaeological site. The excavation, which covered an area 10m square, removed a residual thin layer of silt and peat to reveal over a brown loam extensively flecked with charcoal. Stripping off this loam revealed the floor plan of the hut. The circular interior contained as slight platform to the rear, defined by an arc of stones. A central hearth was identified formed by a 0.2m deep patch of reddened, heat affected clay. This clay, set into a pit, contained small fragments of burnt bone. The hearth was surrounded by a small area of paving, slightly recessed into the ground. The entrance the hut was located to the south-east arc of the structure, it was paved with a raised sill-stone that was embedded in the subsoil. The sill stone aligned with a possible setting of upright stones which projected towards the hearth creating a possible porch area. OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Excavation plan of hut circle The hut’s wall, sectioned in the north and south, was shown to have a width of 1.4m. The wall was formed by kerb stones on the outer face, these were more evident in the southern arc, with a rubble core behind. There was no evidence that this wall was at any point more than a single course high. Post holes were uncovered on the inner face of this wall in the north, west and south of the interior, these post holes ranged from 0.25m-0.30m in diameter and were stone packed. The posts that would have rested in these holes presumably supporting the roof. Works outside the entrance revealed a narrow spread of rough paving forming a causeway that extended towards the course of the burn - though at the point where the ground falls to the burn the paving petered out. There was also a small cobbled surface that formed a rubble foundation measuring 0.8m by 1.2m in plan outside the entrance, extending from the hut in an irregular arc. OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Finds There were very few finds from the excavation, suggesting that the occupants had regularly cleared the interior and that the structure had not been used for dumping after its abandonment. A small selection was recovered: from the cobbled foundation outside the hut a fragment of a blue glass ring and a flake of flint thought to be a scraper; from the causeway a fragment of white glass ring, streaked with blue and green; amongst the stones overlying the hearth a minute fragment of bone with incised cross hatching; and from the loam over the northwest arc of the hut wall a grooved whetstone of micaceous mudstone. The two glass ring fragments were tentatively ascribed a 1st to 2nd century AD date, suggesting a late Iron Age date for the settlement - during the Roman campaigns in Scotland. Grooved Whetstone Discussion Unenclosed round houses such as that at Moss Raploch are typically ascribed to the Bronze Age, the marked tendency being for round houses in the Iron Age to be sited within enclosures or to be of overly robust character. The dating evidence at Moss Raploch places this unenclosed round house in the late Iron Age, making the unenclosed and slight character of the site notable - OFFICIAL OFFICIAL perhaps a reminder that general trends in settlement do not constrain all settlement. In terms of the use of space, the Moss Raploch house exhibits many common characteristics from later prehistory. A circular floor plan with the entrance in the south east; interior space focused on a central hearth which has been formally constructed. There are no clear radial divisions, though the edge set stones forming the ‘porch’ do suggest some internal partitions. The raised platform to the rear is proposed by the excavator as for storage, though a sleeping platform has equal merit. The slight, but broad, form of the wall suggests the potential for turves to have been used in the superstructure. Equally the presence of only three earthfast timbers to support the roof (assuming all timbers were earthfast and not supported by heel stones) suggests that the typical architectural form of the time - a ring beam to support rafters forming a conical roof - is not credible. The overall picture is of a conventional floor plan and use of space, but with an unusual, slighter superstructure compared to most excavated examples of later prehistoric round houses. From Reconstructed Round House to Hut Circle The Forestry Commission (as they then were) decided to build a reconstruction of the Moss Raploch site next to the visitor centre at Clatteringshaws Loch. Given the uncertainty as to the roofing and form of the walls, a liberal interpretation was followed with the reconstruction owing more to better understood more substantial round houses. Over time the thatched roof was not renewed, the timber roof structure was removed and now only the stone wall remains - a modern hut circle, though still much more robust and substantial than the excavated site. OFFICIAL OFFICIAL Reconstruction partway through loss of the superstructure Conclusion Moss Raploch provides us with a glimpse into a domestic native structure during the Roman campaigns in Galloway, challenging some of the easy assumptions as to the character and form of these buildings. The surviving reconstructed hut circle, while not representative in terms of its robustness, offers the ability to consider the use of space within such a home. Further Reading Condry, J & Ansell, M (1978) ‘The Excavation of a Hut Circle at Moss Raploch', Trans Dumfriesshire Galloway Natur Hist Antiq Soc, 3rd, vol. 53, 1977-8. Page(s): 103-113 Created by Rathmell Archaeology for the Galloway Glens, August 2019. http://www.rathmell-arch.co.uk/ OFFICIAL  Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can You Dig It – Technical Notes – 7 Clatteringshaws Hut Circles Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GGLP_115 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource GGLP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GCAT Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Description An account of the resource Prepared as part of the Galloway Glens Can You Dig It scheme, these notes summarise some of the historic archaeological excavations to have taken place in the Galloway Glens area. archaeology GGLP